1. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Alkali metals volatilisation in pressurised fluidised-bed combustion and
gasification of peat / Wahab Mojtahedi.
- In: Fluidised combustion in practice : clean versatile, economic : volume I : the Institute of Energy, London, 4th International Fluidised Combustion Conference : Scientific Socities Lecture Theatre, New Burlington Place (off Savile Road), London W1. 12/13 December 1988. - London, 1988, s. II/2/1 - II/2/16. |
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2. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Kattiloiden typpioksiidipäästöt Suomessa / M. Hupa.
- In: Kemia = Kemi, ISSN 0355-1628, 15 (1988) 1, s. 13-17. |
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3. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Nitrogen oxide emissions of boilers in Finland / M. Hupa.
- In: VII intenational distric heating conference : abstracts of papers : Praha 12.-14.9.1988. - Praha, 1988, |
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4. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
En termogravimetrisk undersökning av kalkstenars, järnpulvers och
natriumkarbonats reaktioner i HCl-haltiga gaser vid förhöjd temperatur / Peter
Backman. - Åbo : Åbo akademi, 1988. - 26 s. : ill..
- (Report, ISSN 0785-5052 ; 2).
ISBN 951-649-450-1 UDC 54 |
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5. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
The fate of sodium and potassium in the pressutised fluidised-bed combustion
and gasificationof peat / W. Mojtahedi, R. Backman.
- In: Journal of the institute of energy, ISSN 0144-2600, 62 (1989) 453, s. 189-196. |
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6. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
The influence of chlorides on the recovery boiler fireside behaviour / M.
Hupa...et al.
- In: International symposium on corrosion in the pulp and paper industry, 6th, Helsinki, August 29-September 1, 1989 : pulp and paper industry corrosion problems : volume 6A. - Hki : The Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute (distr.), 1989, s. 127-137. |
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7. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Nitrogen oxide emission of boilers in Finland / M. Hupa, R. Backman, S. Boström
.
- In: JAPCA, ISSN 0894-0630, 39 (1989) s. 1496-1501. |
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8. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Release of alkali metals in pressurised fluidised-bed combustion and
gasification of peat / Wahab Mojtahedi, Rainer Backman. - Espoo : Valtion
teknillinen tutkimuskeskus. Polttoainejalostus- ja voitelutekniikan laboratorio
, 1989. - 48 s. : ill.
- (Publications, ISSN 0358-5069 ; 53).
ISBN 951-38-3388-7 UDC 66, 54 |
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9. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Sodium and sulfur chemistry in combustion gases / Rainer Backman. - Åbo : Åbo
Akademi, 1989. - 15, 69 s. : ill.
- (Report/Kemisk-tekniska fakulteten. Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen, ISSN
0785-5052 ; 1989, 4).
Diss.: Åbo Akademi.
ISBN 951-649-561-3 UDC 54, 66 |
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10. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Energiantuotannon ja -kulutuksen kasvihuonekaasujen päästöt Suomessa / Sture
Boström, Rainer Backman, Mikko Hupa. - Helsinki : Kauppa- ja
teollisuusministeriö, 1990. - 49 s. : ill.
- (Kauppa- ja teollisuusministeriö. Energiaosasto. Sarja D, ISSN 0358-3910 ;
186).
Sammandrag. - Abstract.
ISBN 951-47-2931-5 UDC 502/504, 551.5, 662, 628.3/.6 |
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11. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Liquidus temperatures in multicomponent silicates : Euram project MA1E/0009/c /
R. Backman...et al. - Åbo : Åbo Akademi, 1990. - var. pag : ill.
- (Report/Åbo Akademi. Kemisk-tekniska fakulteten. Institutionen för oorganisk
kemi, ISSN 0358-9676 ; no 78).
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12. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Gasification of black liquor at elevated pressures : part I: thermodynamic
analysis / R. Backman, M. Hupa. - Åbo : Åbo Akademi, 1990. - 56 s.
- (Report/Åbo Akademi. Kemisk-tekniska fakulteten. Förbränningskemiska
forskargruppen, ISSN 0785-5052 ; 1990, 10).
ISBN 951-649-781-0 |
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13. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
The effect of different methods of cationisation on the on the Starch granule
and its gelatinisation product / T. Vihervaara...et al.
- In: Starch/Stärke, ISSN 0038-9056, 42 (1990) s. 64-68. |
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14. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
The influence of chlorides on the fireside behavior in the recovery boiler / M.
Hupa...et al.
- In: Tappi journal, ISSN 0734-1415, 73 (1990) 6, s. 153-158. |
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15. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Prediction of liquidus temperatures for multi-component silicate glasses / R.
Backman...et al.
- In: Glastechnische Berichte, ISSN 0017-1085, 63 K (1990) s. 460-469. |
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16. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Greenhouse gas emissions related to energy production and consumption in
Finland : current emission and some future technology scenarios / Sture
Boström, Rainer Backman, Mikko Hupa. - Hki : Ministry of trade and industry.,
1991. - 88 s. : ill.
- (Ministry of trade and industry. Energy department. D: Research reports ; 197
).
Tiivistelmä.
ISBN 951-47-4466-7 |
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17. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Greenhouse gas emissions from energy production and use in Finland / S.
Boström, R. Backman, M. Hupa.
- In: Energy and environment 1991 : 1991 International Symposium on Energy and Environment, August 25-28, 1991, Espoo, Finland / ed. by Eino Kainlauri.../et al./. - Atlanta, Ga : American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineer, 1991, s. 110-114. ISBN 0-910110-82-4 |
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18. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Modelling the chemistry in lime kilns / Rainer Backman. - Åbo : Åbo Akademi,
1991. - 25 s. : ill.
- (Rapport/Åbo Akademi. Kemisk-tekniska fakulteten. Förbränningskemiska
forskargruppen, ISSN 0785-5052 ; 91, 17).
ISBN 951-650-018-8 |
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19. | Backman, Rainer / Institutionen för oorganisk kemi |
Pressurized gasification of spent pulping liquors : thermodynamic and kinetic
constraints / W. J. Frederick, R. Backman, M. Hupa.
- In: Energy and environment 1991 : 1991 International Symposium on Energy and Environment, August 25-28, 1991, Espoo, Finland / ed. by Eino Kainlauri.../et al./. - Atlanta, Ga : American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineer, 1991, s. 190-196. ISBN 0-910110-82-4 |
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20. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Modeling the sodium enrichment in lime kilns / Rainer Backman, Mikko Hupa,
Honghi Tran.
- In: 1992 International Chemical Recovery Conference, Westin Hotel, Seattle, WA, June 7-11 : proceedings : book 1. - Atlanta, Ga : TAPPI, 1992, s. 153-160. ISBN 0-89852-849-6 |
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21. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Pressurized gasification of spent pulping liquors : thermodynamic and kinetic
constraints / W. J. Frederick, Rainer Backman and Mikko Hupa.
- In: 1992 International Chemical Recovery Conference, Westin Hotel, Seattle, WA, June 7-11 : proceedings : book 2. - Atlanta, Ga : TAPPI, 1992, s. 617-625. ISBN 0-89852-849-6 |
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22. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Ash sintering mechanisms in CFB boilers / Bengt-Johan Skrifvars...et al. - Åbo
: Åbo Akademi, 1993. - 9, <13> s. : ill., diagr., tab.
- (Report / Åbo Akademi. Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen, ISSN 0785-5052 ;
1993, 2).
ISBN 951-650-216-4 |
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23. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Basic studies on black-liquor pyrolysis and char classification / Rainer
Backman, William J. Frederick and Mikko Hupa.
- In: Bioresource technology, ISSN 0960-8524, Vol. 46 (1993) s. 153-158. |
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24. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Empirical modeling of black liquor char gasification : a short review / Kevin
Whitty, Rainer Backman and Mikko Hupa. - Åbo : Åbo Akademi, 1993. - 27 s. :
ill., diagr., tab., bil.
- (Report / Åbo Akademi. Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen, ISSN 0785-5052 ;
1993, 8).
ISBN 951-650-270-9 |
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25. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Inorganic impurities in cationised starch granules / Rainer Backman and Henrik
H. Bruun.
- In: Starch = Stärke, ISSN 0038-9056, 45 (1993) 11, s. 396-400. |
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26. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Modelling the sodium enrichment in lime kilns / Rainer Backman, Mikko Hupa and
Honghi Tran.
- In: Pulp & paper Canada, ISSN 0316-4004, vol. 94 (1993) 11, s. 78-83. |
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27. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Pressurized pyrolysis and gasification studies of biomasses / Kevin J.
Whitty...et al. - Åbo : Åbo Akademi, 1993. - 9 s. : diagr., tab.
- (Report / Åbo Akademi. Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen, ISSN 0785-5052 ;
1993, 7).
ISBN 951-650-250-4 |
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28. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
The role of sodium in pressurized black liquor char gasification / Chris
Verrill...et al. - Åbo : Åbo Akademi, 1993. - 37 s. : Tab., diagr.
- (Report / Åbo Akademi. Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen, ISSN 0785-5052 ;
1993, 10).
ISBN 951-650-285-7 |
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29. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Black liquor combustion properties / Mikko Hupa, Rainer Backman and William J.
Frederick.
- In: 30 years recovery boiler co-operation in Finland : proceedings : international conference Baltic Sea; 24-26 May 1994 / Suomen soodakattilayhdistys = Finnish Recovery Boiler Committe. - Helsinki : Finnish Recovery Boiler Comitte, 1994, s. 37-60. ISBN 952-90-5525-0 |
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30. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Askkomponenters löslighet i vatten : en icke-ideal jämviktsmodell / Kristoffer
Sandelin, Rainer Backman.
- In: SIHTI 2 : energia- ja ympäristöteknologia : tutkimusohjelman vuosikirja 1993 / toimittajat: Maija Korhonen, Kari Saviharju. - Espoo : Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus, 1994, s. 193-206. - (VTT symposium, ISSN 0357-9387 ; 143). På titelbladet även: Energia- ja ympäristötutkimusohjelma. Abstract : SIHTI 2 : energy and environmental technology. ISBN 951-38-4094-8 |
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31. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
An empirical rate model for black liquor char gasification as a function of gas
composition and pressure / Kevin Whitty, Rainer Backman and Mikko Hupa.
- In: Advances in forest products, environmental and process engineering : the 1993 Forest products symposium / Elmer L. Gaden Jr. series ed. ; Christopher L. Verill, vol. ed. - New York : American Institute of Chemical Engeneerings, 1994 , s. 73-84. - (AIChE symposium series ; vol. 32, no. 32). ISBN 0-8169-0663-7 |
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32. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Equilibrium behaviour of sodium, sulfur and chlorine in pressurized black
liquor gasification with addition of titanum oxide / Rainer Backman and Keijo
Salmenoja.
- In: Paperi ja puu = Paper and timber, ISSN 0031-1243, 76 (1994) 5, s. 320-325. |
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33. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Pressurized black liquor gasification reactor modeling : part 1: basic model /
Kevin Whitty, Ron Zevenhoven and Rainer Backman. - Åbo : Åbo Akademi, 1994. -
15 s. : ill., diagr., tab.
- (Report / Åbo Akademi. Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen, ISSN 0785-5052 ;
1994, 13).
ISBN 951-650-473-6 |
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34. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Pyrolysis of kraft black liquor in a pressurized grid heater / Vesa
Sorvari...[et al.]. - Åbo : Åbo Akademi, 1994. - 16 s. : ill., diagr., tab.
- (Report / Åbo Akademi. Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen, ISSN 0785-5052 ;
1994, 11).
ISBN 951-650-460-4 |
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35. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Sintering mechanisms of FBC ashes / Bengt-Johan Skrifvars...[et al.].
- In: Fuel, ISSN 0016-2361, 73 (1994) 2, s. 171-176. |
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36. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
DTA and RTG examination of the system Na[sub 2]SO[sub4] - Na[sub 2]CO[sub 3] /
Axel Ståhlström, Bengt-Johan Skrifvars, Rainer Backman. - Åbo : Åbo Akademi,
1995. - [12] bl. : diagr., tab.
- (Report / Åbo Akademi. Kemisk-tekniska fakulteten. Förbränningskemiska
forskargruppen, ISSN 0785-5052 ; 1995, 7).
ISBN 951-650-625-9 |
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37. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Fast size distribution measurement system for combustion and pyrolysis
experiments / M. Marjamäki ... [et al.].
- In: Abstracts of the 1995 European Aerosol Conference : Helsinki, Finland, 18-22 September 1995 / Conference organized by the Finnish Association for Aerosol Research (FAAR) in association with The European Aerosol Assembly (EAA). - Kidlington : Pergamon, 1995, s. 105-106. - (Journal of aerosol science, ISSN 0021-8502 ; vol. 26 (1995) : suppl. 1). |
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38. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Flue gas chemistry in recovery boilers with high levels of chlorine and
potassium / Rainer Backman...[et al.].
- In: 1995 International Chemical Recovery Conference : papers to be presented on Monday and Tuesday April, 24-25, 1995, Royal York Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada / co-spons. by the Technical Section, CPPA and TAPPI Preprints. - Montreal : Technical Section, CPPA, 1995, s. A95-A103. |
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39. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Corrosion in bubbling fluidized bed boilers burning chlorine containing fuels /
K. Salmenoja, K. Mäkelä and R. Backman.
- In: Proceedings : 8th International Symposium - and EFC event no 204 - on Corrosion in the Pulp & Paper Industry, Stockholm, Sweden, May 16-19, 1995 : [Swedish Corrosion Institute ... ]. - Stockholm : Korrosionsinstitutet, 1995, s. 198-206 . - (Pulp & paper industry corrosion problem ; vol. 8). ISBN 91-87400-06-5 |
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40. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Liquor-to-liquor differences in combustion and gasification processes : alkali
release and fume formation / R. Backman, M. Hupa, L. Söderhjelm.
- In: Abstracts of the 1995 European Aerosol Conference : Helsinki, Finland, 18-22 September 1995 / Conference organized by the Finnish Association for Aerosol Research (FAAR) in association with The European Aerosol Assembly (EAA). - Kidlington : Pergamon, 1995, s. 681-682. - (Journal of aerosol science, ISSN 0021-8502 ; vol. 26 (1995) : suppl. 1). |
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41. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Liquor-to-liquor differences in combustion and gasification processes :
pyrolysis behaviour and char reactivity / Kevin Whitty ... [et al.].
- In: 1995 International Chemical Recovery Conference : papers to be presented on Monday and Tuesday April, 24-25, 1995, Royal York Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada / co-spons. by the Technical Section, CPPA and TAPPI Preprints. - Montreal : Technical Section, CPPA, 1995, s. A245-A253. |
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42. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
A neural network approach for predicting black liquor char conversion under
pressurized gasification / Xuven Zhang...[et al.]. - Åbo : Åbo Akademi, 1995. -
27 s. : ill.
- (Report / Åbo Akademi. Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen, ISSN 0785-5052 ;
1995, 6).
Part of LIEKKI 2, project 502.
ISBN 951-650-619-4 |
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43. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Sodium release during black liquor pyrolysis : differences between the results
from various laboratory scale experiments / E. J. Kauppinen...[et al.].
- In: 1995 International Chemical Recovery Conference : papers to be presented on Monday and Tuesday April, 24-25, 1995, Royal York Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada / co-spons. by the Technical Section, CPPA and TAPPI Preprints. - Montreal : Technical Section, CPPA, 1995, s. B105-B112. |
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44. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Sulfur removal from strong black liquor during pressurized concentration / J.
Nurmi ... [et al.].
- In: 1995 International Chemical Recovery Conference : papers to be presented on Monday and Tuesday April, 24-25, 1995, Royal York Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada / co-spons. by the Technical Section, CPPA and TAPPI Preprints. - Montreal : Technical Section, CPPA, 1995, s. A273-A278. |
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45. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Ash chemistry and sintering / Bengt-Johan Skrifvars, Rainer Backman and Mikko
Hupa. - Åbo : Åbo Akademi, 1996. - [11] s. : diagr., tab.
- (Report / Åbo Akademi. Kemisk-tekniska fakulteten. Förbränningskemiska
forskargruppen, ISSN 0785-5052 ; 1996, 6).
Paper presented at the 1996 American Chemical Society Division of Fuel
Chemistry National Meeting Symposium on "Ash chemistry: Phase relationships in
ashes and slags", New Orleans, LA, USA, March 24-28, 1996.
ISBN 951-650-795-6 |
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46. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
The behaviour of alkali compounds in air and CO[sub 2]/O[sub 2]-blown coal
conversion processes / J. Nykänen...[et al.].
- In: High temperature gas cleaning / Institut für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik der Universitaet Karlsruhe (TH). Ed. by E. Schmidt... [et al.]. - Karlsruhe : Inst. für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik, 1996, s. 706-717. ISBN 3-9805220-0-8 |
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47. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Corrosion of BLRB floor tubes in reduced kraft smelts : experimental and
theoretical studies / M. Mäkipää...[et al.].
- In: 1996 TAPPI Engineering Conference: September 16-19, 1996, Chicago, IL, USA. - Atlanta, GA : TAPPI press, 1996, s. 681-692. ISBN 0-89852-668-X |
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48. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Flue gas and dust chemistry in recovery boilers with high levels of chlorine
and potassium / R. Backman...[et al.]..
- In: Journal of pulp and paper science, ISSN 0826-6220, vol. 22 (1996) no. 4, s. J119-J126. |
|
49. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Liquor-to-liquor differences : sodium release during pressurised pyrolysis of
black liquor / V. Sorvari...[et al.].
- In: Nordic pulp & paper research journal, ISSN 0283-2631, (1996) 4, s. 273-286. |
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50. | Backman, Rainer / Förbränningskemiska forskargruppen |
Measurement of time-dependent fume release rate during black liquor pyrolysis /
M. Kymäläinen...[et al.].
- In: Journal of pulp and paper science, ISSN 0826-6220, vol. 22 (1996) no. 1, s. J17-J23. |