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| 1. | Black, Richard : Conditions for the return of displaced persons from the European Union, 1998 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: unpublished document Conditions for the return of displaced persons from the European Union : final report / Black, Richard ; Koser, Khalid ; Walsh, Martha, 89 p.. - Luxembourg : European Communities, 1998. ISBN 92-828-337-2 LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Sri Lanka / Germany / Netherlands / Bosnia-herzegovina LIBRARY LOCATION: EU-rätt |
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| 2. | Häberle, Peter : Verfassungspolitik für die Freiheit und Einheit Deutschlands , 1990 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Verfassungspolitik für die Freiheit und Einheit Deutschlands : ein Diskussionsbeitrag im Vormärz 1990 / Häberle, Peter REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Revue europeenne de droit public = European review of public law : vol. 2; no. 1., p. 147-164. - London : ESPERIA , 1990. - ISSN 1105-1590 LANGUAGE: GER INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Germany |
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| 3. | Häberle, Peter : Die verfassunggebende Gewalt des Volkes, 1991 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Die verfassunggebende Gewalt des Volkes : das Beispiel Deutschland 1989/90/91 / Häberle, Peter REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Revue Europeenne de droit public = European review of public law : vol. 3; no. 1., p. 125-134. - London : ESPERIA , 1991. - ISSN 1105-1590 LANGUAGE: GER INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Germany |
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| 4. | Püttner, Günter : Constitutional law, 1991 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Constitutional law : Republic of Germany / Püttner, Günter REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Revue Europeenne de droit public = European review of public law : vol. 3; no. 1., p. 189-194. - London : ESPERIA , 1991. - ISSN 1105-1590 LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Germany |
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| 5. | Tschofen, Christian : Legal aspects of East and West Germany's relationship with the European Economic Community after the collapse of the Berlin wall, 1990 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Legal aspects of East and West Germany's relationship with the European Economic Community after the collapse of the Berlin wall / Tschofen, Christian REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Harvard international law journal : vol. 31; no. 2., p. 647-659. - Cambridge, MA : Harvard Law School, 1990. - ISSN 0017-8063 LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: East Germany / West Germany |
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| 6. | Comments and additional information to the periodic reports for United Nations treaty bodies by Finland on, 1995 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series Comments and additional information to the periodic reports for United Nations treaty bodies by Finland on : the implementation of the convention on the rights of the child (1st periodic report, September 1995); the convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination (11th and 12th periodic reports, February 1996); the convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (2nd periodic report, April 1996); the covenant on economic, social and cultural rights (3rd periodic report, November 1996) /, var. pag.. - Helsinki : Ihmisoikeusliitto ry = Finnish League for Human Rights = Förbundet för mänskliga rättigheter rf., 1995. LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Finland NOTE (GENERAL): CRC-7-8; CERD; CAT; ICESCR; ESC; LIBRARY LOCATION: Folkrätt SHELF CODE: s Ihmisoikeusliitto ... |
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| 7. | Ress, Hans-Konrad : Deutsche Rechtsprechung in völkerrechtlichen Fragen 1994, 1996 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Deutsche Rechtsprechung in völkerrechtlichen Fragen 1994 = English survey / Ress, Hans-Konrad REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches und Völkerrecht [=ZaöRV] : 56/1-2., p. 466-560. - Heidelberg : Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, 1996 . - ISSN 0044-2348 LANGUAGE: GER INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Germany NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR-3-4-5-6-8; ICCPR; UDHR; CRC; Art. 119-177 (EC treaty); |
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| 8. | Geiger, Rudolf : The German border guard cases and international human rights, 1998 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial The German border guard cases and international human rights / Geiger, Rudolf REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): European journal of international law [=EJIL] : vol. 9; no. 3., p. 540-550. - Firenze : European University Institute, 1998. - ISSN 0938-5428 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: The German Border Guard Cases and International Human Rights The German Border Guard Cases and International Human Rights Rudolf Geiger*1 Abstract After the reunification of Germany on 3 October 1990 the German courts were required to deal with charges of homicide against GDR border guards who had killed fugitives trying to escape over the Berlin Wall or across the border separating East from West Germany. According to the Unification Treaty, the law relevant to crimes committed on GDR territory prior to the date of unification was the criminal law of the GDR, unless the law of the Federal Republic of Germany was more favourable to the defendant. Thus, defendants invoked GDR law to establish that their actions had been lawful and could not be held to be criminal. This article demonstrates how international human rights were brought into play by the courts in arguing that the laws of the GDR had to yield to a higher law. It also refers to the reasoning of the Federal Constitutional Court when it addressed the question of ex post facto laws. There the Court's arguments remained exclusively within the sphere of German constitutional law. It is contended that the Court's reasoning would have been more convincing had it also taken into account in this instance the relevant provisions of international human rights instruments. 1 Introduction The reunification of Germany, which came about through the accession of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) to the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990,2 entailed specific legal problems that were posed by the continuing effects of the defunct socialist regime. In order to resolve these problems, the annexes to the Unification Treaty contain, inter alia, elaborate lists of rules which modify the entry into force of the laws of the Federal Republic in the territory of the former GDR. In criminal matters the Unification Treaty provided that the law applicable to acts committed in GDR territory prior to the date of unification continued to be the criminal law of the GDR, unless in individual cases the criminal law of the Federal Republic was more favourable to the defendant.3 This approach did not create any substantial problems in cases of `ordinary' crimes, such as theft, robbery or murder committed by private persons. But the situation proved to be quite different for cases of so-called `government criminality', where GDR officials or soldiers committed acts that were held to be lawful or were even legally required in the GDR legal system as practised at that time but were considered serious crimes in West German law. An important example of such government criminality came to light with the border guard cases. In these cases the courts were required to deal with the objections put forward by defendants that GDR law had indeed provided justification for their actions and that it should consequently be applied in their cases. In dealing with these objections, the courts, inter alia, referred to the infringement of international human rights by the GDR practices. In this way, they made use of new ways in which international human rights standards could arguably have effects in the domestic order of a state. 1 * Professor of Law, University of Leipzig, Otto-Schill-Strasse 2, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany. 2 Treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic on the Establishment of German Unity (`Unification Treaty') of 31 August 1990; English version in 30 ILM (1991) 457. INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Germany NOTE (GENERAL): ICCPR; ECHR; |
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| 9. | Schillhorn, Kerrin : Deutsche Rechtsprechung in völkerrechtlichen Fragne 1996, 1998 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Deutsche Rechtsprechung in völkerrechtlichen Fragne 1996 / Schillhorn, Kerrin REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht [=ZaöRV] : 58/2., p. 437-522. - Heidelberg : Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, 1998. - ISSN 0044-2348 LANGUAGE: GER INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Germany NOTE (GENERAL): Refugee convention; CRC; ECHR-3-8-10-11; ECHRP-4-2; |
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| 10. | Jacque, Jean-Paul : L'unification de l'Allemagne et la Communaute Europeenne, 1990 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial L'unification de l'Allemagne et la Communaute Europeenne / Jacque, Jean-Paul REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Revue générale de droit international public : tome 94., p.997-1018. - Paris : A. Pedone, 1990. - ISSN 0373-6156 LANGUAGE: FRE INDEX WORDS:
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| 11. | Bretton, Philippe : Les problemes juridiques internationaux poses par l'unification de l'Allemagne, 1991 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Les problemes juridiques internationaux poses par l'unification de l'Allemagne / Bretton, Philippe REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Revue générale de droit international public : tome 95., p. 671-719. - Paris : A. Pedone, 1991. - ISSN 0373-6156 LANGUAGE: FRE INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Germany |
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| 12. | Ziegler, Kai Peter : Deutsche Rechtsprechung in völkerrechtlichen Fragen 1998, 2000 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Deutsche Rechtsprechung in völkerrechtlichen Fragen 1998 / Ziegler, Kai Peter REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht [}ZaÖRV] : 60/1., p. 163-276. - Heidelberg : Max-Planck-Institut für asuländisches Recht und Völkerrecht, 2000. - ISSN 0044-2348 LANGUAGE: GER INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Germany NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR-3-6-8-9-010-11; ICCPR-10-11; ICESCR; |
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| 13. | Radermacher, Ludger : Deutsche Rechtsprechung in völkerrechtlichen Fragen 1999, 2001 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Deutsche Rechtsprechung in völkerrechtlichen Fragen 1999 / Radermacher, Ludger REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht [=ZaöRV] : 61 : 1. - Heidelberg : Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, 2001 . - ISSN 0044-2348 LANGUAGE: GER INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Germany NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR-5-6-8-10-11; ECHRP-1-1; Art. 119 (EC treaty); Art. 117 (EC treaty) |
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| 14. | Rytter, Jens Elo : No punishment without guilt, 2003 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial No punishment without guilt : the case concerning German prosecution of a Former GDR border guard / Rytter, Jens Elo REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Netherlands quarterly of human rights : vol. 21; no. 1., p. 39-62. - Antwerp : Intersentia, 2003. - ISSN 0169-3441 LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: East Germany / Germany NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR-7; Nuremberg charter;
URL http://www.nqhr.net/pdf/?articleId=7452d63b79de1349-be4d9c682ccfc7f9 |
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| 15. | Summers, James J. : The rhetoric and practice of self-determination, 2004 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial The rhetoric and practice of self-determination : a right of all peoples or political institutions? / Summers, James J. REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Nordic journal of international law : vol. 73; no. 3., p. 325-363. - Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff publ., 2004. - ISSN 0902-7351 LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Germany / USSR NOTE (GENERAL): UN charter; Friendly relations declaration; Helsinki final act;
URL http://taddeo.ingentaselect.com/vl=2590579/cl=64/nw=1/fm=pagepdf/rpsv/cw/mnp/09027351/v73n3/s3/p325 |
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| 16. | Frowein, Jochen Abr. : Völkerrecht - Menschenrechte - Verfassungsfragen Deutschlands und Europas, 2004 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series Völkerrecht - Menschenrechte - Verfassungsfragen Deutschlands und Europas : ausgewählte Schriften / Frowein, Jochen Abr. ; Hartwig, Matthias (Hrsg.) - ( Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht ; Bd. 174), viii, 732 p.. - Berlin : Springer, 2004. - ISSN 0172-4770 ISBN 3-540-23023-8 LANGUAGE: GER, ENG ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. Grundfragen des Völkerrechts. 1. Der Beitrag der internationalen Organisationen zur Entwicklung des Völkerrechts. 2. Die Verpflichtungen erga omnes im Völkerrecht und ihre Durchsetzung. 3. Collective Enforcement of International Obligations. 4. Das Staatengemeinschaftsinteresse - Probleme bei Formulierung und Durchsetzung. 5. The Internal and External Effects of Resolutions by International Organizations. 6. Self-Determination as a Limit to Obligations Under International Law. 7. Das Verhältnis zwischen den Vereinten Nationen und Regionalorganisationen bei der Friedenssicherung und Friedenserhaltung. 8. Are There Limits to the Amendment Procedures in Treaties Constituting International Organisations? 9. Unilateral Interpretation of Security Council Resolutions - a Threat to Collective Security? 10. Der Schutz des Menschen ist zentral - Der Krieg in Kosovo und die völkerrechtliche Regelung der Gewaltanwendung. 11. Konstitutionalisierungdes Völkerrechts. Grund- und Menschenrechtsschutz. 12. Versammlungsfreiheit und Versammlungsrecht. 13. Reform durch Meinungsfreiheit. 14. Im Zweifel für den vielleicht tödlichen Schuß?. 15. Die Überwindung von Diskriminierung als Staatsauftrag in Art. 3 Abs. 3 GG . 16. European Integration Through Fundamental Rights. 17. Kritische Bemerkungen zur Lage des deutschen Staatsrechts aus rechtsvergleichender Sicht. 18. Human Dignity in International Law. Verfassung in Europa. 19. Zur institutionellen Fortentwicklung der Gemeinschaft. 20. Europäisches Gemeinschaftsrecht und Bundesverfassungsgericht. 21. Die rechtliche Bedeutung des Verfassungsprinzips der parlamentarischen Demokratie für den europäischen Integrationsprozeß. 22. Das Bundesverfassungsgericht und die Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention . 23. Die Herausbildung europäischer Verfassungsprinzipien. 24. Das Maastricht-Urteil und die Grenzen der Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit. 25. Wesentliche Elemente einer Verfassung. 26. Die Europäisierung des Verfassungsrechts. Staatsorganisation. 27. Der Eingliederungsvertrag im Völkerrecht und im Staatsrecht. 28. Gemeinschaftsaufgaben im Bundesstaat. 29. Die Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zum Wahlrecht. 30. Die Bindungswirkung von Akten der auswärtigen Gewalt insbesondere von rechtsfeststellenden Akten. 31. Die Bindung des Gesetzgebers an Verträge. 32. Der völkerrechtliche Status von VN-Friedenstruppen und seine Bedeutung für das deutsche Recht. Zur Rechtslage Deutschlands. 33. Legal Problems of the German Ostpolitik. 34. Die Verfassungslage Deutschlands im Rahmen des Völkerrechts. 35. The Reunification of Germany. INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Germany NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR;
URL http://www.springer.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0,11855,1-10017-72-34724033-0,00.html |