1. | Peters, Anne ... [et al.] : Non-state actors as standards setters, 2009 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Non-state actors as standards setters / Peters, Anne ... [et al.], xx, 587 p.. - Cambridge : Cambridge U. P., 2009. ISBN 978-0-521-11490-5 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: 1. Non-state actors as standard-setters: framing the issue in an interdisciplinary fashion, by Anne Peters, Lucy Koechlin and Gretta Fenner. PART I. New Actors and Processes in Contemporary Standard-Setting:. 2. Local and regional non-state actors on the margins of public policy in Africa, by Dieter Neubert; 3. Conceptualising the use of public-private partnerships as a regulatory arrangement in critical information infrastructure protection, by Dan Assaf; 4. Standard-setting at the cutting edge: an evidence-based typology for multi-stakeholder initiatives, by Lucy Koechlin and Richard Calland; 5. New standards for and by private military companies?, by Lindsey Cameron; 6. Governance matters VII: aggregate and individual governance indicators 1996–2007, by Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi; 7. Contending with illicit power structures: a typology, by Michael Miklaucic. PART II. The Legitimacy and Accountability of Actors and Standards:. 8. Democratic governance beyond the state: the legitimacy of non-state actors as standard-setters, by Steven Wheatley; 9. Legitimacy, accountability and polycentric regulation: dilemmas, trilemmas and organisational response, by Julia Black; 10. Accountability of transnational actors: is there scope for cross-sector principles?, by Monica Blagescu and Robert Lloyd; 11. Non-state environmental standards as a substitute for state regulation?, by Marcus Schaper; 12. Limiting violence – culture and the constitution of public norms: with a case study from a stateless area, by Till Förster. PART III. The Authority and Effectiveness of Actors and Standards:. 13. Standard-setting for capital movements: reasserting sovereignty over transnational actors?, by Peter Hägel; 14. Certification as a new private global forest governance system: the regulatory potential of the forest stewardship council, by Stéphane Guéneau; 15. Private standards in the north - effective norms for the south?, by Eva Kocher; 16. International corporate social responsibility standards: imposing or imitating business responsibility in Lithuania?, by Egle Svilpaite; 17. Legal pluralism under the influence of globalisation: a case study of child adoption in Tanzania, by Ulrike Wanitzek; 18. Towards non-state actors as effective, legitimate, and accountable standard-setters, by Anne Peters, Till Förster and Lucy Koechlin. INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Africa / Cameroon / Central Asia / Colombia / Denmark / Estonia / France / Germany / Latin America / Liberia / Mali / Lithuania / Mexico / Nigeria / North America / Russian Federation / Tanzania / United Kingdom / USA / Zanzibar NOTE (GENERAL): ACHPR; African Union convention; CBD; Geneva conventions; CRC; Ottawa convention; Framework convention on climate change; Palermo convent Tripartite declaration of principles;
URL http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521114905 |
|
2. | von Bogdansky, Armin (ed.) : Max Planck yearbook of United Nations law , 2009 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Max Planck yearbook of United Nations law : volume 13, 2009 / von Bogdansky, Armin (ed.) ; Wolfrum, Rüdiger, xvii, 487 p.. - Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff publ., 2009. - ISSN 1389-4633 ISBN 978-90-04-18103-8 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: The Relation between International Law, Islamic Law and Constitutional Law of The Relation between International Law, Islamic Law and Constit 1. Klabbers, Jan: Global Governance before the ICJ: Re-reading the WHA Opinion. http://www.mpil.de/shared/data/pdf/pdfmpunyb/01_klabbers_13.pdf. 2. Schabas, Williams: Anti-Complementarity: Referral to National Jurisdictions by the UN International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. 3. Schill, Stephan/ Briese, Robyn: "If the State Considers": Self-Judging Clauses in International Dispute Settlement. 4. Hilpold, Peter: EU Law and UN Law in Conflict: The Kadi Case. 5. Scovazzi, Tullio: The Mediterranean Guidelines for the Determination of Environmental Liability and Compensation: The Negotiations for the Instrument and the Question of Damage that Can be Compensated. 6. Binder, Christina: Two Decades of International Electoral Support: Challenges and Added Value. 7. Kuhn, Maike: The System of EU Crisis Management - From Bringing Peace to Establishing Democracy?. 8. Juma, Dan:Lost (or Found) in Transition? The Anatomy of the New African Court of Justice and Human Rights. 9. Kovac, Matija:Legal Issues Arising from the Possible Inclusion of Private Military Companies in UN Peacekeeping. 10. Moschtaghi, Ramin. The Relation between International Law, Islamic Law and Constitutional Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran - A Multilayer System of Conflict? INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): UN charter; ICCPR; African charter on the rights and welfare of child; |
|
3. | Norrbutts, Linda : Statsansvar för brott mot internationell humanitär rätt begångna av anställda på privata säkerhetsföretag, 2011 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: unpublished document Statsansvar för brott mot internationell humanitär rätt begångna av anställda på privata säkerhetsföretag / Norrbutts, Linda, iii, 87 p.. - Åbo : Åbo Akademi. Rättsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2011. LANGUAGE: SWE INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (THESIS): Master's thesis in public international law, 2011 [T] NOTE (GENERAL): ICC statute; Ottawa convention; Geneva conventions; Additional protocols to the Geneva conventions; Vienna convention on the law of treaties; ICJ statute; UN charter; SHELF CODE: Pro gradu (Master's thesis) |
|
4. | Eide, Asbjorn (ed.) : Making peoples heard, 2011 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Making peoples heard : essays on human rights in honour of Gudmundur Alfredsson / Eide, Asbjorn (ed.) ; Möller, Jakob Th. ; Ziemele, Ineta, xxix, 643 p.. - Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff publ., 2011. ISBN 978-9004-19191-4 LANGUAGE: ENG, ICE ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. PART 1: THE RIGHT TO PEACE:. 1. milestones in the development of international humanitarian law, by Daniel Thürer. 2. Post-war American international law scepticism: the International Criminal Court, Stockholm 1924, by Mark Weston Janis. 3. Peace as a human right: the Jus cogens prohibition of aggression, by Alfred de Zayas. 4. The human right to peace, by William A. Schabas. 5. Security and human rights ain the regulation of private military companies: the role of the home state, by Francesco Fransioni. PART 2: THE UNITED NATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS:. 6. What makes democracy good, by Lyal S. Sunga. 7. Is the United Nations Human Rights Council living up to the international coummunity's expectations?, by Markus G. Schmidt. 8. The Human Rights Council: the perennial struggle between realism and idealism , by Bertrand G. Ramcharan. 9. Eight UN petitions procedure: a comparative analysis, by Jakob Th. Möller. 10. The legal status of views adopted by the Human Rights Committee - from genesis to adoption of general comment no. 33, by Geir Ulfstein. 11. Winter Break 2010: A week in the life of a Special rapporteur, by Martin Scheinin. 12. Legal and judicial shortcomings of the surrogate state of "UNMIKKISTAN", by Margret Heineksdottir. 13. The right to inclusive education for children with disabilities - innovations in the CRPD, by Oddny Mjöll Arnardottir. PART 3: HUMAN RIGHTS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL:. 14. The Council of Europe: a champion in monitoring implementation of human rights standards?, by Petter F. Wille. 15. Flexibilising the modes of amending the European convention on human rights: an idea for a 'statute' for the European Court, by Krysztof Drzewicki. 16. Strengtheing of the principle of subsidiarity of the European convention on human rights, by Björg Thorarensen. 17. Presumtion of convention compliance, by David Por Björgvinsson. 18. The right to adequate judicial reasoning, by Ragnar Adalsteinsson. 19. Dialogue between states and international human rights monitoring organs - especially the European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance, by Lauri Hannikainen. 20. How old are you? Age discrimination and EU law, by Allan Rosas. 21. NHRIs in the European Union: status quo vadis?, by Morten Kjaerum and Jonas Grimheden. 22. Selected examples of the contemporary practice of the Inter-American system in confronting grave violations of human rights: United States and Colombia, by Diego Rodriguez-Pinzon. PART 4: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND MINORITIES:. 23. Prevention of discrimination, protection of minorities and the rights of indigenous peoples: challenges and choices, by Asbjorn Eide. 24. Minority protection in the African system of human rights, by Michelo Hansungule. 25. Indigenous peoples on the international scene: a personal reminiscene, by Lee Swepston. 26. Indigenous peoples and the right to development, by Rainer Hofmann and Juri Alistair Gauthier. 27. Principal problems regarding indigenous land rights and recent endeavours to resolve them, by Erica-Irene A. Daes. 28. Traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples: preserve or protect? That's the question, by Mpazi Sinjela. 29. Redefining sovereignty and self-determination throughg a declaration of sovereignty: the Inuit way of defining the parameters for future Arctic governance, by Timo Koivurova. PART 5: HUMAN RIGHTS IN NATIONAL PRACTICES:. 30. Compliance with the views of the UN Human Rights Committee and the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in Iceland, by Gudrun Gauksdottir and Thordis Ingadottir. 31. Did lack of democratic governance contribute to the recent collapse of the Icelandic banking system (Summary in English), by Eirikur Tomasson. 32. "Only a virtuous people are capable of freedom": constitutional principles and preceding causes of the crash in Iceland, by Herdis Thorgeirsdottir. 33. The constitutionalism of the Republic of Iceland and the role and status of the President, by august por Arnason. 34. The hundred-year journey of the concept of human rights in China, by Xu Xianming. 35. Article 17 of China's regional national autonomy law: its implementation andimplications, by MAria Lundberg and Zhou Yong. 36. Enforcement of economic, social and cultural rights at national level: the Indian practice, by Manoj Kumar Sinha. INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): UN charter; UDHR; Geneva conventions; Additional protocols to the Geneva conventions; ICC statute; ICCPR-20; ICCPR-OP; ICESCR; CERD; CAT; CEDAW; ECHR; CRPD; EU charter of fundamental rights; TFEU; Declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples; Convention concerning the indigenous and tribal peoples in independent countries (ILO convention no. 169); |
|
5. | Proceedings of the 107th annual meeting, 2014 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Proceedings of the 107th annual meeting : international law in a multipolar world /, xiii, 560 p.. - Washington, DC : ASIL, 2014. LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. 1. An introduction: International law in a multipolar world. 2. Fifteenth annual Grotius lecture. 3. Opening plenary and remarks by ASIL president. 4. Alternatives to investor-state arbitration in a multipolar world. 5. Uncommon remedies in international dispute settlement. 6. Raid on Bin Laden and the consequences for sovereignty and the UN Charter. 7. Stepping out of the politics: Legal solutions to maritime disputes in Asia. 8. The future of human rights fact-finding. 9. Divergent responses to climate change in a multipolar world. 10. Transitional justice branches out: Transitional justice and peacebuilding. 11. Challenges and approaches to effective cyberspace governance in a multipolar world. 12. Women in international law interest group luncheon. 13. How is the law of the sea coping with new ocean resources?. 14. Unquenchable thirst: The outlook for energy disputes in Africa. 15. The Inter-American human rights system in crisis. 16. Retrospective on international law in the first Obama administration. 17. Kiobel, the ATS and human rights litigation in U.S. courts. 18. G20 and beyond: The influence of emerging countries on the architecture of international economic law. 19. The EU as a global actor in a multipolar world. 20. The past and future of African international law scholarship. 21. The regulation of private military and security contractors. 22. Unilateral secession in a multipolar world. 23. China-Africa investment treaties and dispute settlement: A piece of the multipolar puzzle. 24. Domestic treatment of universal jurisdiction. 25. Anti-corruption initiatives in a multipolar world. 26. 21st century international institutions: Lessons from global health governance?. 27. Arctic law: The challenges of governance in the changing Arctic. 28. The challenges for ASEAN: The South China Sea, investment protection, and Myanmar. 29. Regulating the impacts of international project financing. 30. Evolution of economic sanctions: Where do we stand with financial sanctions?. 31. The changing role of regional organizations in African peace and security. 32. Rethinking private international law: The emergence of the 'private'. 33. China and international law. 34. Regional perspectives on refugee protection. 35. The complex history of international law. 36. Inaugural Charles N. Brower lecture on international dispute resolution. 37. Twenty years of international criminal law: From the ICTY to the ICC and beyond. 38. The tension between law and politics: Can the ICC navigate a multipolar world?. 39. Multipolar governance across environmental treaty regimes. 40. The proliferation of regional trade agreements: (Re)shaping the trade landscape with multilateralism on pause. 41. The 2012 UN Declaration on the Rule of Law and its projections. 42. New voices: Human rights. 43. Closing plenary: Global governance, state sovereignty, and the future of international law. INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: China / Nigeria / United States NOTE (MEETINGS): Proceedings of the 107th annual meeting of the American Society of International Law, Washington, DC, April 3-6, 2013. LIBRARY LOCATION: s ASIL |
|
6. | Weller, Marc (ed.) : The Oxford handbook of the use of force in international law, 2015 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph The Oxford handbook of the use of force in international law / Weller, Marc (ed.) ; Solomou, Alexia (ed.) ; Rylatt, Jake William (ed.), 1280 p. - Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2015. ISBN 978-0-19-967304-9 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. Marc Weller: Introduction: international law and the problem of war. 1. Randall Lesaffer: Too much history: from war as sanction to the sanctioning of war. 2. Daniele Archibugi, Mariano Croce and Andrea Salvatore: Law of nations or perpetual peace? Two early international theories on the use of force. 3. Michael J. Glennon: The limitations of traditional rules and institutions relating to the use of force. 4. James Crawford and Rowan Nicholson: The continued relevance of established rules and institutions relating to the use of force. 5. Gina Heathcote: Feminist perspectives on the law on the use of force. 6. Jean d'Aspremont: The collective security system and the enforcement of international law. 7. Alexander Orakhelashvili: Changing jus cogens through state practice? The case of the prohibition of the use of force and its exceptions. 8. Ramesh Thakur: Reconfiguring the UN system of collective security. 9. Niels Blokker: Outsourcing the use of force: towards more Security Council control of authorized operations?. 10. Ian Johnstone: When the Security Council is divided: imprecise authorizations, implied mandates, and the 'unreasonable veto'. 11. Rob McLaughlin: United Nations Security Council practice in relation to use of force in no-fly zones and maritime exclusion zones. 12. Penelope Nevill: Military sanctions enforcement in the absence of express authorization?. 13. Nigel D. White: The relationship between the UN Security Council and General Assembly in matters of international peace and security. 14. Erika de Wet: Regional organizations and arrangements: authorization, ratification or independent action. 15. A. Mark Weisburd: Use of force: Justiciability and admissibility. 16. Scott Sheeran: The use of force in United Nations peacekeeping operations. 17. Haidi Willmot and Ralph Mamita: Mandated to protect: Security Council practice on the protection of civilians. 18. Nicholas Tsagourias: Self-defence, protection of humanitarian values, and the doctrine of impartialiaty and neutrality in enforcement mandates. 19. Charlotte Ku: Transparency, accountability, and responsibility for internationally mandated operations. 20. André Nollkaemper: 'Failures to protect' in international law. 21. Nico Schrijver: The ban on the use of force in the UN Charter. 22. Jan Klabbers: Intervention, armed intervention, armed attack, threat to peace, act of aggression, and the threat or use of force: what's the difference?. 23. Jean Michel Arrighi: The prohibition of the use of force and non-intervention: ambition and practice in the OAS region. 24. Sean D. Murphy: The crime of aggression at the International Criminal Court. 25. Claus Kress: The International Court of Justice and the 'principle of non-use of force'. 26. Vaios Koutroulis: The prohibition of the use of force in arbitrations and fact-finding reports. 27. Jörg Kammerhofer: The resilience of the restrictive rules on self-defence. 28. Sir Michael Wood: Self-defence and collective security: key distinctions. 29. Ashley S. Deeks: Taming the doctrine of pre-emption. 30. Kimberley N. Trapp: Can non-state actors mount an armed attack?. 31. Noam Lubell: The problem of imminence in an uncertain world. 32. Lidsay Moir: Action against host states of terrorist groups. 33. T. D. Gill: When does self-defence end?. 34. Jean-Christophe Martin: Theatre of operations. 35. Sir Nigel Rodley: 'Humanitarian intervention'. 36. David Wippman: Pro-democratic intervention. 37. Gregory H. Fox: Intervention by invitation. 38. Elizabeth Chadwick: National liberation in the context of post- and non-colonial struggles for self-determination. 39. Olivier Corten: Necessity. 40. Shane Darcy: Retaliation and reprisal. 41. William C. Gilmore: Hot pursuit. 42. Francois Dubuisson and Anne Lagerwall: The threat of the use of force and ultimata. 43. Wolff Heintschell von Heinegg: Blockades and interdictions. 44. Mathis Forteau: Rescuing nationals abroad. 45. Martin Wählisch: Peace settlements and the prohibition of the use of force. 46. Marina Mancini: The effects of a state of war or armed conflict. 47. Vasco Becker-Weinberg and Guglielmo Verdirame: Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and shipping interdiction. 48. Daniel H. Joyner: The implications of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction for the prohibition of the use of force. 49. Douglas Guilfoyle: The use of force against pirates. 50. Marco Pertile: The changing environment and emerging resource conflicts. 51. Jordan J. Paust: Remotely piloted warfare as a challenge to the jus ad bellum. 52. Michael N. Schmitt: The use of cyber force and international law. 53. Ian M. Ralby: Private military companies and the jus ad bellum. 54. André de Hoogh: Jus cogens and the use of armed force. 55. Theodora Christodoulidou and Kalliopi Chainoglou: The principle of proportionality from a jus ad bellum perspective. 56. Keiichiro Okimoto: The relationship between jus ad bellum and jus in bello. 57. Paolo Palchetti: Consequences for third states as a result of an unlawful use of force. INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): UN charter LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR SHELF CODE: Inst.ref. |
|
7. | Cernic, Jernej Letnar (ed.) : Human rights and business, 2015 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Human rights and business : direct corporate accountability for human rights / Cernic, Jernej Letnar (ed.) ; Van Ho, Tara (ed.), xxx, 532 p. - Oisterwijk : Wolf Legal Publishers, 2015. ISBN 9789462402072 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. Introduction, by Jernej Letnar Cernic and Tara Van Ho. 1. Multinationals, human rights and international law: time to move beyond the 'state-centric' conception, by Surya Deva. 2. Direct international humanitarian obligations of non-state entities: analysis of the lex lata and the lex ferenda, by Nicolá Carrillo. 3. Transnational private regulation and human rights: the limitations of stateless law and the re-entry of the state, by Cedric Ryngaert. 4. An elephant in a room of porcelain: establishing corporate responsibility for human rights, by Jernej Letnar Cernic. 5. Corporations as agents of global justice, by Vojko Strahovnik. 6. Human rights due diligence and the responsible supply of minerals from conflict-affected areas: towards a normative framework?, by Mary E. Footer. 7. 'Due diligence' in 'transitional justice states': an obligation for greater transparency?, by Tara L. Van Ho. 8. Privatisation and the obligation to fulfil rights, by Nicholas McMurry. 9. Direct corporate human rights obligations under the right to health: from mere 'respecting' towards protecting and fulfilling, by Brigit Toebes. 10. Defying territorial limitations: regulating business conduct extraterritorially through establishing obligations in EU law and national law, Karin Buhmann. 11. Business & human rights: from a 'responsibility to respect' to legal obligations and enforcement, by Humberto Fernando Cantú Rivera. 12. Access to justice through company complaint mechanisms?, by Karin Lukas. 13. The Dutch Shell case: foreign direct liability claims as an avenue for holding multinational corporations accountable for human rights violations, by Dorothée Cambou. 14. The assessment of corporate conduct towards human rights in investor-state dispute settlement: why we should (and can) mix the sheep and the goats, by Adriana Espinosa Gonzáles. 15. Private military and security companies, transnational private regulation and public international law: from the public to the private and back again?, by Willem van Genugten, Nicola Jägers and Evgeni Moyakine. 16. State-owned enterprises and human rights: the qualification & the responsibility of the state, by Charline Daelman. 17. The worst forms of child labour in cocoa plantations in Côte d'Ivoire & direct obligations of transnational corporations, by Silvia Scarpa. 18. Corporate complicity for human rights violations in Africa post-Kiobel case, by Atabongawung Tamo. 19. Human rights obligations of transnational corporations in domestic tort law, Cees van Dam. 20. Transnational corporate liability for gendered harms in the fashion sector from an American and Danish perspective, by Sara Andersen. INDEX WORDS:
|
|
8. | Lachenmann, Frauke (ed.) : Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, 2015 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law : volume 18, 2014 / Lachenmann, Frauke (ed.) ; Röder, Tilmann J. (ed.) ; Wolfrum, Rüdiger (ed.), xviii, 752 p. - Leiden : Brill, 2015. - ISSN 1389-4633 ISBN 978-90-29602-2 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. 1. Human security: concept and evolution in the United Nations, by Martin Wählisch. 2. Addressing armed opposition groups through Security Council resolutions: a new paradigm?, by Ezequiel Heffes, Marcos D. Kotlik and Brian E. Frenkel. 3. The legal framework for protection of United Nations humanitarian premises during armed conflict, by Lance Bartholomeusz. 4. Responsibility of the United Nations for wrongful acts occurred in the framework of authorized operations in light of the draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations (DARIO), by Frédérique Lozanorios. 5. Responsibility of the United Nations for activities of private military and security companies in peacekeeping operations: in need of a new international instrument, by Jessica Pressler. 6. UN post-conflict peacebuilding activities: an economic reconstruction perspective, by Eric De Brabandere. 7. Securing the rule of law through UN peace operations in Liberia, by Shane Chalmers and Jeremy Farrall. 8. The rule of law and its application to the United Nations: conference report, by Edith Wagner. 9. The UNGA resolutions on the rule of law at the national and international levels, 2006-post 2015, by Ronald Janse. 10. Rule of law and the sustainable development goals, by Astrid Wiik and Frauke Lachenmann. 11. The ethical mandate of UNESCO, by Fruzsina Molnár-Gábor. 12. 'Concerned with the health and welfare of mankind' the UN drug conventions: a suitable legal framework for the 21st century?, by Robin Greiss and Daniel Wisehart. 13. The reaction to the ebola epidemic within the United Nations framework: what next for the World Health Organization?, by Pia Acconci. 14. Judicial control of targeted sanctions by the European Court of Justice, by Sophie Fink. 15. Legality of foreign military intervention in international law: four case studies, by Mindia Vashakmadze. 16. Land grabbing as a threat to the right to self-determination: how permanent sovereignty over natural resources limits states' involvement in large-scale transfers of land, by Elisa Freiburg. 17. Catalonia and the right to self-determination from the perspective of international law, by Hermann-Joseph Blanke and Yasser Abdelrehim. 18. The politics of recognition: changing understandings of human rights, social development and land rights as normative foundation of global social policy, by Lutz Leisering, Benjamin Davy and Ulrike Davy. 19. Key legal and political developments at the United Nations in 2014, by Maximilian Spohr and Tilmann J. Röder. INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Georgia / Liberia / Libya / Spain / Syria / Ukraine LIBRARY LOCATION: S Max Planck yb |