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31. Johnson, Douglas H. : The Southern Sudan, 1988
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

The Southern Sudan / Johnson, Douglas H. - (MRG report ; No. 78), 11 p.. - London : Minority Rights Group, 1988.

ISBN 008 030 8317

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* minoriteter = minorities = vähemmistöt
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* självständighet = independence = itsenäisyys

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Sudan / East Africa : 5259

 
32. Hannikainen, Lauri : The Finnish civil war 1918 and its aftermath, 1992
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a monograph

The Finnish civil war 1918 and its aftermath / Hannikainen, Lauri

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT: Implementing humanitarian law applicable in armed conflicts : the case of Finland / Hannikainen, L.; Hanski, R.; Rosas, A. (eds.), p. 8-40. - Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff publ., 1992.

ISBN 0 7923 1611 8

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* självständighet = independence = itsenäisyys
* fångläger = prison camps = vankileirit
* ICRC = ICRC = ICRC
* terror = terror = terrori

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Finland : 8222

NOTE (GENERAL): Hague conventions; St.Petersburg declaration; Geneva conventions

 
33. Bernhardt, Rudolf : Encyclopedia of public international law (EPIL), 1992
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Encyclopedia of public international law (EPIL) / Bernhardt, Rudolf ; Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law - Amsterdam : Elsevier Science publ., 1992.

ISBN 0-444-86244-7

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: Vol. I : Aaland Islands to Dumbarton Oaks conference (1944)

INDEX WORDS:
* utlänningar = aliens/non-citizens = ulkomaalaiset
* finlandssvenskar = Swedish-speaking Finns = suomenruotsalaiset
* EG = EC = EY
* OAS = OAS = OAS
* ILO = ILO = ILO
* diskriminering = discrimination = syrjintä
* internationella domstolar = international courts = kansainväliset tuomioistuimet
* barnets rättigheter = rights of the child = lapsen oikeudet
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* kulturell egendom = cultural property = kulttuuriomaisuus
* utnyttjande av barn = exploitation of children = lasten hyväksikäyttö
* självstyrelse = self-government = itsehallinto
* mänskliga rättigheter = human rights = ihmisoikeudet
* ECJ = ECJ = ECJ
* europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheterna = European Court of Human Rights = Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin

NOTE (GENERAL): ACHPR; ECHR; CRC; ESC

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
34. Gordon R., Sara : Crisis politica y guerra en El Salvador, 1989
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Crisis politica y guerra en El Salvador / Gordon R., Sara, 347 p.. - Mexico : Siglo veintiuno editores, sa de cv, 1989.

ISBN 968-23-1524-7

LANGUAGE: SPA

ABSTRACT: During the 70ies in El Salvador surged a profound political crisis.The huge insurrectional popular movement, which reached it's highest activity during 1979-1980, was masacred, and the conflict started, forming one of the main elements of the crisis in Central America - on the side of Nicaragua - increasing the US involvement.After ten years of civil war, many of the factors which caused the war, have not been resolved.Trying to give an explenation to why and how the ways to a peaceful negociated solution are blocked in a society, the author makeees a minuscious analysis of the development of the political crisis in El Salvador, combining the historical perspective and the analysis of the political tendencies.

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: El Salvador / Central America / Latin America : 6231 / 6200

 
35. Burbach, Roger; Nunez, Orlando : Legacy of the Reagan decade: Central America and beyond, 1990
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Legacy of the Reagan decade: Central America and beyond / Burbach, Roger; Nunez, Orlando

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Strategic perspectives : 1., p. 3-35 . - Berkeley : Center for the Study of the Americas CENSA, 1990.

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: After a decade of social and political upheaval, the conflict in the Central American isthmus is entering a new stage.The strategic defeat of the contras and the survival of the Sandinista government in Nicaragua; the demise of Jose Napoleon Duarte and the gerrilla offensive in El Salvador; the growing social tensions in Honduras due to the presence of the US military and the contra forces - these developments have permanently altered the political and social terrain of the entire isthmus and have places the region on a new threshold as we enter the 1990s.

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* antisubversiv verksamhet = counterinsurgency = kumouksen vastainen strategia
* lågintensitetskonflikt = low intensity conflict = matalan tehon sota

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Central America / Latin America : 6200

 
36. Crisis Centroamericana, Esquipulas II y Proceso de Democratizacion en El Salvador: Las elecciones 1988 como ejemplo concreto, 1989
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

Crisis Centroamericana, Esquipulas II y Proceso de Democratizacion en El Salvador: Las elecciones 1988 como ejemplo concreto /

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT: Estado, democratizacion y desarrollo en Centroamerica y Panama

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Cuadernos de ciencias sociales : 1. - San Salvador : Universidad de El Salvador, 1989.

LANGUAGE: SPA

ABSTRACT: The author analyses, referring to the Esquipulas II agreement signed by the Centralamerican presidents in 1987, the situation of the democratization and peace process in El Salvador.He claimes the elections being used only as a pretext to show the democratization process going forwards, and demands that El Salvador should abandon the low intensity conflict strategy imposed by the United States.The negociated solution should be based on wide political consensus, and the social forces, as well as the political parties, including FMLN-FDR should reorganize themselves.And the Salvadoran armed forces should be reformed and have a new king of role inside the democratization process.

INDEX WORDS:
* demokrati = democracy = demokratia
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: El Salvador / Central America / Latin America : 6231 / 6200

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

SHELF CODE: countries

 
37. Dinstein, Yoram : War, aggression and self-defence, 1988
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

War, aggression and self-defence / Dinstein, Yoram, 30, 292 p.. - Cambridge : Grotius, 1988.

ISBN 0 949 009 15 6

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* brott mot mänskligheten = crimes against humanity = rikos ihmisyyttä vastaan
* humanitär rätt = humanitarian law = humanitaarinen oikeus
* krigsfångar = prisoners of war = sotavangit
* självbestämmanderätt = self-determination = itsemääräämisoikeus
* krigsförbrytelser = war crimes = sotarikokset

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Finland : 8222

LIBRARY LOCATION: IRIS

 
38. Bourgois, Philippe; Hale, Charles : La Costa Atlantica de Nicaragua, 1990
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

La Costa Atlantica de Nicaragua / Bourgois, Philippe; Hale, Charles

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Estudios Centroamericanos (ECA) : 54 ., p. 157-183. - Costa Rica, 1990. - ISSN 0303-9676

LANGUAGE: SPA

ABSTRACT: The authors aim to analyse the complexity of the Nicaraguan Atlantic Coast, referring to the situation of the indigenous population, foremost the Misquitos, involved in the armed conflict during the Sandinista regime on the side of the contras.

INDEX WORDS:
* etniska minoriteter = ethnic minorities = etniset vähemmistöt
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Nicaragua / Central America / Latin America : 6245 / 6200

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

SHELF CODE: countries

 
39. North, Liisa L. : Democratization in El Salvador: illusion or reality?, 1988
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a monograph

Democratization in El Salvador: illusion or reality? / North, Liisa L.

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT: Central America, democracy, development, and change. - p. 7-20 - New York : Praeger Publishers, 1988.

ISBN 0-275-93049-1

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: North analyses in her article the Salvadoran democracy during the years of Cristian Democratic Duarte government.She observes the US aid given to the country, it being the third biggest aid receiver in 1987, yet the economic crisis has not been resolved.North claims that democracy has not been improving, and the human rights situation remains dreadful.The army and the security forces have been increasing from 16000 men to 57000 men, in seven years, and the militarization of the Salvadoran society contradicts strongly the possibilities of progress toward democratization.

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* antisubversiv verksamhet = counterinsurgency = kumouksen vastainen strategia
* demokrati = democracy = demokratia
* lågintensitetskonflikt = low intensity conflict = matalan tehon sota

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: El Salvador / Central America / Latin America : 6231 / 6200

 
40. Clements, Charles : Militarization, US aid, and the failure of development in El Salvador, 1988
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a monograph

Militarization, US aid, and the failure of development in El Salvador / Clements, Charles

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT: Central America, democracy, development, and change. - p. 121-134 - New York : Praeger Publishers, 1988.

ISBN 0-275-93049-1

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: In his article Clements observes the effects of the US aiod given to El Salvador during the 80s.Using as an example the FMLN's attack on the garrison El Paraiso in 1987, he demonstrates how effectively the small gerrilla forces can act against the US supported, trained and advised governmental forces.The article claims that the Salvadoran conflict is not a conflict between East and West but between North and South, and can only be resolved if the causes that led to the war, shall be resolved.

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* antisubversiv verksamhet = counterinsurgency = kumouksen vastainen strategia
* lågintensitetskonflikt = low intensity conflict = matalan tehon sota
* revolution = revolution = vallankumous

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: El Salvador / Central America / Latin America : 6231 / 6200

 
41. The civilian toll 1986-1987, 1987
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

The civilian toll 1986-1987 : ninth supplement to the report on human rights in El Salvador / ; Americas Watch, 325 p.. - New York : Americas Watch Committee, 1987.

ISBN 0-938579-35-5

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: Civilian continue to suffer grievously from attacks by both sides in the eight-year conflict between the armed forces and the FMLN gerrillas in El Salvador.Accodring to this new report: "The army buys or pressures civilian to serve as informers; the FMLN, with or without warning, summarily executes them.The FMLN recruits peasants for a few days' work for the gerrillas, and the army captures and kills them.The army tries to expand into heretofore FMLN-controlled zones with its counterinsrugency programs; the FMLN detains mayors perceived to be cooperating with the army.The FMLN wins over civilian communities and the Army tries to dislodge the gerrillas through arrests and abusive treatment of those perceived to be their sympathizers."

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = human rights violations = ihmisoikeusloukkaukset

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: El Salvador / Central America / Latin America : 6231 / 6200

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
42. A year of reckoning El Salvador a decade after the assassination of Archbishop Romero, 1990
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

A year of reckoning El Salvador a decade after the assassination of Archbishop Romero / ; Americas Watch, 200 p.. - New York : Americas Watch Committee, 1990 .

ISBN 0-929692-50-0

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: Ten years after the assassination of the Archbishop Romero, human rights conditions in El Salvador have deteriorated to their worst levels since the early 1980s, illustrating the failure of US human rights policy in El Salvador throughout the decade.This report details a wide range of violationws by both the Salvadoran Armed Forces and the FMLN during 1989, and also provides a summary of human rights abuses in El Salvador in the last decade.

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = human rights violations = ihmisoikeusloukkaukset

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: El Salvador / Central America / Latin America : 6231 / 6200

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
43. Nightmare revisited 1987-88.Tenth supplement to the report on human rights in El Salvador, 1988
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Nightmare revisited 1987-88.Tenth supplement to the report on human rights in El Salvador / ; Americas Watch, 91 p.. - New York : Americas Watch Committee, 1988.

ISBN 0-929692-03-9

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: In this report Americas Watch states that murders of civilians in El Salvador for political reasons are once again on the increase.Violent abuses by the Army, death squads and the FMLN have intensified so dramatically in the first year covered by the Central American Peace Plan that many observers, ranging from the Catholic Church to the government's own human rights commission, see a return to the terror of the early 1980's. Americas Watch calles on the United States to make clear to the Salvadoran high command that Washington will no continue funding the Salvadoran military unless government and death squad violence is ended and those responsible for the coninuing violations are brought to justice.In addition, Americas Watch calls on the FMLN to end its practice of executing alleged informers or suspected army collaborators, and to take effective measures to reduce the number of civilian casualties resulting from the use of landmines.

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = human rights violations = ihmisoikeusloukkaukset

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: El Salvador / Central America / Latin America : 6231 / 6200

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
44. Land mines in El Salvador and Nicaragua, 1986
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Land mines in El Salvador and Nicaragua : the civilian victims / ; Americas Watch, 117 p.. - New York : Americas Watch Committee, 1986.

ISBN 0-938579-29-0

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: The civilian of the war-torn nations of Central America have suffered a host of plagues.One of them has been the use of land mines, by both conventional and guerrilla forces.El Salvador and Nicaragua have both seen an increasing incidence of land mines used as blind weapons, making no distinction between civilian and military targets - in stark violation of the laws of war. The report offers compelling information on civilian land mine casualties in both countries, and presents a comprehensive analysis of the international law governing the use of hese weapons, much of it brought together for the first time.The report goes beyond criticizing past abuses, offering criteria for judging individual mining incidents, and recommendations for avoiding civilian casualties in the future.

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* krigsoffer = war victims = sodan uhrit

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: El Salvador / Nicaragua / Central America / Latin America : 6231 / 6245

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
45. Settling into routine, 1986
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Settling into routine : human rights abuses in Duarte's second year : eight supplement to the report on human rights in El Salvador / ; Americas Watch, 162 p.. - New York : Americas Watch Committee, 1986.

ISBN 0-938579-19-3

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: The firestrom of human rights abuses that swept through El Salvador in the early 1980s has abated.By comparison to what went before, the numbers of deaths are no longer so sensationally large.As a consequence, many Americans concerned with human rights have turned their attention elsewhere.In El Salvador today, the abuse of human rights has settled into routine.

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = human rights violations = ihmisoikeusloukkaukset

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: El Salvador / Central America / Latin America : 6231 / 6200

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
46. Human rights in Colombia as President Barco begins, 1986
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Human rights in Colombia as President Barco begins / ; Americas Watch, 68 p.. - New York : Americas Watch Committee, 1986.

ISBN 0-938579-26-6

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: When Virgilio Barco took office as the duly elected president of Colombia in August 7, 1986, he confronted a country troubled by warfare with several guerrilla groups and by serious human rights violations.Both Colombia's armed forces and the gerrillas have used Argentina-style dirty war tactics, such as extrajudicial executions and disappearances, in their fight against the other. Many Colombians fear the onset of a fullset vicious civil war along the lines of El Salvador today or Guatemala a few years ago.They hope that the new administration will move forcefully to prevent this "central-americanization" of Colombia's conflicts. Americas Watch hopes that, as president, Barco will take a clear stand against human rights abuses and that he will act forcefully to ensure that Colombia's military forces comply with domestic laws as well as with Colombia's international human rights obligations.

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = human rights violations = ihmisoikeusloukkaukset

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Colombia / South America / Latin America : 6425 / 6400

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
47. Violations of the laws of war by both sides in Nicaragua 1981-1985, 1985
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Violations of the laws of war by both sides in Nicaragua 1981-1985 / ; Americas Watch, 98 p.. - New York : Americas Watch Committee, 1985.

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* krigsförbrytelser = war crimes = sotarikokset

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Nicaragua / Central America / Latin America : 6245 / 6200

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
48. Human rights in Nicaragua 1986, 1987
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Human rights in Nicaragua 1986 / ; Americas Watch, 174 p.. - New York : Americas Watch Committee, 1987.

ISBN 0-938579-30-4

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: The tenth Americas Watch report since May 1982 on human rights in Nicaragua. It is a comprehensive assessment of the status of civil and political rights, as well as of violations of the laws of war by both sides in the armed conflict in the country.It is an update of the information included in earlier reports, particularly Human Rights in Nicaragua, 1985-86.

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = human rights violations = ihmisoikeusloukkaukset

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Nicaragua / Central America / Latin America : 6245 / 6200

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
49. Human rights in Nicaragua, 1985
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Human rights in Nicaragua : Reagan, rhetoric and reality / ; Americas Watch, 91 p.. - New York : Americas Watch Committee, 1985.

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: This is the eighth Americas Watch report on Nicaragua.It draws on our findings from numerous missions to that country since 1982, including two 1985 reports that deal with abuses by both sides in the armed conflict.It also draws on our previous research into State Department methodology of human rights reporting, which has been published in our annual Critiques of the Department's Country Reports on Nicaragua, and in our individual reports.

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = human rights violations = ihmisoikeusloukkaukset

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Nicaragua / Central America / Latin America : 6245 / 6200

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
50. Human rights in Peru after President Garcia's first year, 1986
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Human rights in Peru after President Garcia's first year / ; Americas Watch, 119 p.. - New York : Americas Watch Committee, 1986.

ISBN 0-938579-25-8

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: The 1984 American Watch report on Peru documented the cruel measures the insrugency known as Sendero Luminoso practiced against civilians, as well as severe abuses committed by the government in the course of its counter-insurgency campaign, condemning the violations on both sides. When President Garcia took office on July 29, 1985, his inaugural message offered hope for change.It included specific references to a new policy that proposed to intill a scrupulous respect for internationally-recognized standards of human rights within the conduct of counter-insurgency campaign. Peru has indeed experienced dramatic changes regarding human rights over the past year.At the end of Garcia's first year in office, the gains that have been made in the battle for human rights are in serious jeopardy.It is not, however, too late for President Garcia to give momentum to his peace and human rights initiatives.

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = human rights violations = ihmisoikeusloukkaukset
* antisubversiv verksamhet = counterinsurgency = kumouksen vastainen strategia

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Peru / South America / Latin America : 6448 / 6400

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
51. A certain passivity, 1987
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

A certain passivity : failing to curb human rights abuses in Peru / ; Americas Watch, 57 p.. - New York : Americas Watch Committee, 1987.

ISBN 0-938579-37-1

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: In his two years of office, President Garcia has maintained his commitment to democratic freedoms, despite relentless pressure from the insurgency Sendero Luminoso, and a series of social and economic crisis.However, the number of murders, disappearances, torture, and other crimes committed by both sides in the gerrilla conflict place Peru close to the top of the list of Latin American countries where political violence produces tragic human suffering. Perhaps the most encouraging sign of any progress is the continuing impårovement in the performance of Peru's human rights movement, concerned with the suffering and needs of the victims of abuses of both sides.

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* politiskt våld = political violence = poliittinen väkivalta
* brott mot mänskliga rättigheter = human rights violations = ihmisoikeusloukkaukset

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Peru / South America / Latin America : 6448 / 6400

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
52. The Sumus in Nicaragua and Honduras, 1987
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

The Sumus in Nicaragua and Honduras : an endangered people / ; Americas Watch, 43 p.. - New York : Americas Watch Committee, 1987.

ISBN 0-928579-36-3

LANGUAGE: ENG

ABSTRACT: The Sumus are endangered people, probably numbering some 9000-10.000.They have suffered grievously during the six years of the contra war.Today they remain in only a few of their traditional villages. The Sumus have been abused by all parties to the conflict nthat has raged around them.Their small number makes it difficult for them to survive as a people when they are uprooted from their communities and forced to flee the war.The opposing forces in the contra war claim to be motivated by their concerns for the welfare of the Nicaraguan people.They could exhibit their sincerity by permitting a small people such as the Sumus to stay out of the conflict and by respecting their rights to resettle and rebuild their communities.

INDEX WORDS:
* etniska minoriteter = ethnic minorities = etniset vähemmistöt
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* flyktingar = refugees = pakolaiset
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* minoritetsgrupper = minority groups = vähemmistöryhmät

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Nicaragua / Honduras / Central America / Latin America : 6245 / 6239

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
53. Bermudez, Lilia : Guerra de baja intensidad, 1988
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Guerra de baja intensidad : Reagan contra Centroamerica / Bermudez, Lilia, 229 p.. - Mexico : Siglo veintiuno editores, 1988.

LANGUAGE: SPA

ABSTRACT: Considered by the US government as a prolonged counterinsurgency war to confront the liberation movements and the government in the Third World defined as enemies, the doctrine of the low intensity conflict includes three central factors: the counter-insurgency, the reversion of the revolutionary processes, and the antiterrorism. As its main goal the recuperation of its global hegemony, the Reagan administration planted an agressive external policy connected closely to the establishment of the defense policy, where the military solutions have a high priority. The reformulation of the military strategy of the United States parts from the critical revision of the political and military errors committed in Vietnam. The strategy has a wide scale, from broken diplomatic rfelations to a direct military intervention.This book studies the internal factors of this policy, its implications in the military defense doctrine of the Reagan administration, the structural changes of the US military forces, and the implementation of this policy in Central America.

INDEX WORDS:
* lågintensitetskonflikt = low intensity conflict = matalan tehon sota
* internationell politik = international politics = kansainvälinen politiikka
* antisubversiv verksamhet = counterinsurgency = kumouksen vastainen strategia
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: United States / Central America / Latin America : 6357 / 6200

 
54. Joly, Daniéle : Refugees, 1992
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Refugees : asylum in Europe / Joly, Daniéle ; Neffleton, Clive ; Poulton, Hugh , x, 166 p.. - London : Minority Rights Group [=MRG], 1992.

ISBN 1 873194 10 2

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* flyktingar = refugees = pakolaiset
* asyl = asylum = turvapaikka
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* ekonomiska, sociala och kulturella rättigheter = economic, social and cultural rights = TSS-oikeudet
* asylsökande = asylum seekers = turvapaikanhakijat
* EG = EC = EY
* återflyttning = repatriation = paluumuutto
* ESK/KSSE = CSCE = ETYK
* medborgarskap = citizenship = kansalaisuus
* tamiler = Tamils = tamilit
* kurder = Kurds = kurdit
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Europe / Eastern Europe / Yugoslavia : 8000 / 8100

NOTE (GENERAL): Refugee convention; OAU refugee convention; CAT

 
55. Ahlström Christer : Gulfkriget och den humanitära folkrätten, 1992
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Gulfkriget och den humanitära folkrätten / Ahlström Christer, v, 100 p.. - Stockholm : Folkrättsdelegationen, 1992.

LANGUAGE: SWE

INDEX WORDS:
* gulfkriget = Gulf-war = Persianlahden sota
* FN = UN = YK
* väpnad konflikt = armed conflict = aseellinen selkkaus
* internationell humanitär rätt = international humanitarian law = kansainvälinen humanitaarinen oikeus
* deporterade personer = deported persons = karkotetut henkilöt
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* krigsoffer = war victims = sodan uhrit
* krigsförbrytelser = war crimes = sotarikokset
* krigsfångar = prisoners of war = sotavangit

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Kuwait / Iraq : 7332 / 7328

NOTE (GENERAL): Geneva conventions; Nuremberg charter

 
56. Canas. Antonio : La guerra en los primeros cien dias de ARENA, 1989
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

La guerra en los primeros cien dias de ARENA / Canas. Antonio ; ECA

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Estudios Centroamericanos Estudios Centroamericanos (ECA) : 44(490-491)., p. 669-682. - San Salvador, 1989. - ISSN 0014-1445

LANGUAGE: SPA

INDEX WORDS:
* politik = politics = politiikka
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: El Salvador : 6231

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
57. Ellacuria, Ignacio : El dialogo en los primeros dias de Cristiani, 1989
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial

El dialogo en los primeros dias de Cristiani / Ellacuria, Ignacio ; ECA

REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Estudios Centroamericanos Estudios Centroamericanos (ECA) : 44(490-491)., p. 683-694. - San Salvador, 1989. - ISSN 0014-1445

LANGUAGE: SPA

INDEX WORDS:
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* fredsprocess = peace process = rauhanprosessi

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: El Salvador : 6231

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

SHELF CODE: countries

 
58. Anderson, Thomas P. : Politics in Centralk America, 1988
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Politics in Centralk America : Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua / Anderson, Thomas P., p. 73-126. - New York, 1988.

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* politik = politics = politiikka
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: El Salvador / Central America : 6231 / 6200

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
59. Jawad, Nassim : Afghanistan a nation of minorities, 1993
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Afghanistan a nation of minorities / Jawad, Nassim - London : The Minority Rights Group [=MRG], 1993.

ISBN 0-946690-76-6

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* urfolk = indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansat
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Afghanistan / South Asia : 7411 / 7400

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

 
60. Report on the situation of human rights in Peru, 1993
 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph

Report on the situation of human rights in Peru / ; Organization of American States - Washington, 1993.

ISBN 0-8270-3214-5

LANGUAGE: ENG

INDEX WORDS:
* rätt till liv = right to life = oikeus elämään
* straffrihet = impunity = rankaisemattomuus
* yttrandefrihet = freedom of expression = ilmaisuvapaus
* inbördeskrig = civil war = sisällissota
* våld = violence = väkivalta
* rätt till frihet och säkerhet = right to liberty and security = oikeus vapauteen ja turvallisuuteen
* personlig säkerhet = security of person = henkilökohtainen turvallisuus
* fängelseförhållanden = prison conditions = vankilaolosuhteet
* rättvis rättegång = fair trial = oikeudenmukainen oikeudenkäynti

GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Peru / South America : 6448 / 6400

LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR

SHELF CODE: countries

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24.11.1999