31. | Lemmens, Paul (ed.) : Protocol No. 14 and the Reform of the European Court of Human Rights, 2005 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Protocol No. 14 and the Reform of the European Court of Human Rights / Lemmens, Paul (ed.) ; Vandenhole, Wouter, xii, 153 p.. - Antwerp : Intersentia , 2005. ISBN 90-5095-461-8 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER I. PROTOCOL No. 14: OBJECT, PURPOSE AND PREPARATORY WORK - JAN LATHOUWERS. Section 1. Object and Purpose Section 2. Preparatory Work Section 3. Conclusions. CHAPTER II. ORGANISATION OF THE EUROPEAN COURT. Section 1. The Judges of the European Court and the Commissioner for Human Rights - NATHALIE VAN LEUVEN § 1. Status of the Judges § 2. Commissioner for Human Rights § 3. Conclusion Section 2. Single-judge Formations, Committees, Chambers and Grand Chamber - PAUL LEMMENS § 1. Single-judge Formation § 2. Extension of the Competence of the Committees § 3. No Major Changes with Respect to the Chambers and the Grand Chamber § 4. Concluding Comments. CHAPTER III. INDIVIDUAL COMPLAINTS. Section 1. The Right of Individual Petition to the European Court - PIETRO SARDARO § 1. The Right of Individual Petition: International and European Perspectives § 2. Right of Petition and Access to International Justice for the Victims § 3. Right of Petition and Safeguards for the Adjudication Process § 4. Conclusions Section 2. A New Inadmissibility Ground - FRÉDÉRIC VANNESTE § 1. Introduction § 2. The Final Result as a Compromise § 3. Evaluation of the New Admissibility Criterion § 4. Conclusion. CHAPTER IV. FRIENDLY SETTLEMENTS AND STRIKING OUT OF APPLICATIONS - FIONA ANG and EVA BERGHMANS Introduction Section 1. Friendly Settlements in Accordance with Articles 38 and 39 ECHR § 1. The Interpretation of Articles 38-39 ECHR § 2. Some Critical Remarks Section 2. Decisions to Strike Applications Out in Accordance with Article 37 ECHR § 1. A New Development in the Interpretation of Article 37 ECHR § 2. Some Critical Remarks Section 3. The Grand Chambers Judgment: Mitigating the Consequences of the New Evolution Section 4. Conclusion. CHAPTER V. EXECUTION OF JUDGMENTS - WOUTER VANDENHOLE. Section 1. Growing Concern with the Execution of Judgments § 1. The Court § 2. The Parliamentary Assembly § 3. Committee of Ministers Section 2. The Current Reform § 1. Double Goal § 2. Proposals for Reform § 3. The Actual Reform Section 3. A First Evaluation. CHAPTER VI. - EUROPEAN UNION ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION -ON HUMAN RIGHTS - ANNELIES VERSTICHEL. Introduction Section 1. History of Accession Idea Section 2. Judicial Protection of Human Rights in the EU: De Facto or Indirect Accession Section 3. Reasons for Accession Section 4. Legal and Technical Issues of Accession § 1. Amending Protocol or Accession Treaty § 2. Participation of the EU in Proceedings Before the ECtHR (As Respondent, Amicus Curiae Or Co-defendant) § 3. Representation of the EU in the ECtHR § 4. Representation and Voting Rights of the EU in the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe § 5. Inter-state Cases § 6. Advisory Opinions Or Interpretative Rulings by the ECtHR § 7. Terminological Issues § 8. Other Issues Conclusion. ANNEX - PROTOCOL NO. 14 TO THE CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS, AMENDING THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE CONVENTION INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR; ECHR-37; ECHRP-14; TEU; ToA; EU charter of fundamental rights; |
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32. | Bell, John : European perspectives on a Judicial Appointments Commission, 2005 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of monograph series European perspectives on a Judicial Appointments Commission / Bell, John REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT: Cambridge yearbook of European legal studies [=CYEL] : vol. 6 / Bell, J.; Kilpatrick, C. (eds.), p. 35-54. - Oxford : Hart publ., 2005. ISBN 1-84113-361-2 LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): European judges charter; European charter on the statute of jusges; |
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33. | Olusanya, Olaoluwa Abiola : Do crimes against humanity deserve a higher sentence than war crimes?, 2004 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Do crimes against humanity deserve a higher sentence than war crimes? / Olusanya, Olaoluwa Abiola REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): International criminal law review : vol. 4; no. 4., p. 431-473. - Leiden : Brill, 2004. - ISSN 1567-536X LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): Geneva conventions; |
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34. | Baderin, Mashood A. : Recent developments in the African regional human rights system, 2005 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Recent developments in the African regional human rights system / Baderin, Mashood A. REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Human rights law review : vol. 5; no. 1., p. 117-150. - Oxford : Oxford U. P., 2005. - ISSN 1461-7781 LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): Convention on preventing and combating corruption (CPCC); ACHPR; CEDAW; |
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35. | Dickerson, Hollin K. : Judging the judges : the state of judicial reform in Eastern Europe on the eve of accession, 2004 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Judging the judges : the state of judicial reform in Eastern Europe on the eve of accession / Dickerson, Hollin K. REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): International journal of legal information : Winter 2004 : vol. 32; no. 3., p. 539-638. - Washington, DC : International Association of Law Libraries, 2004. - ISSN 0731-1265 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: OTHER ARTICLES ARE:. 1. Compensation for Victims of Terrorist Actions: Israel as a Case Study , by Ruth Levush. 2. Vladimir Spasovich and the Development of the Legal Profession in Russia , by Peter Roudik. 3. Worldwide Digital Legal Research: Forging New Media for the Electronic Age, by Rubens Medina. 4. The New Brazilian Civil Code, by Debora Gozzo. 5. Mercosur : general ideas, by Teodora Zamudio. INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Estonia / Latvia / Hungary / Slovakia |
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36. | Mills, Alex : Challenging the role of judges in Slaughter's liberal theory of international law, 2005 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Challenging the role of judges in Slaughter's liberal theory of international law / Mills, Alex ; Stephens, Tim REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Leiden journal of international law : vol. 18; no. 1., p. 1-30. - Cambridge : Cambridge U. P., 2005. - ISSN 0922-1565 LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
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37. | Sands, Philippe : The Burgh house principles on the independence of the international judiciary, 2005 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial The Burgh house principles on the independence of the international judiciary / Sands, Philippe ; Mclachlan, Campbell ; Mackenzie, Ruth REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): The law and practice of international courts and tribunals : vol. 4; no. 2., p. 247-260. - Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff publ., 2005. - ISSN 1569-1853 LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
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38. | Cotterrell, Roger : The sociology of law, 1992 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph The sociology of law : an introduction / Cotterrell, Roger. - 2nd ed.., xv, 398 p.. - Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-406-51770-3 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: Contents:. 1. The social basis of law. 2. Law as an instrument of social change. 3. Law as an integrative mechanism. 4. Law, power and ideology. 5. The acceptance and legitimacy of law. 6. Professional guardianship of law. 7. Judges, courts, disputes. 8. The enforcement and invocation of law. 9. The prognosis for law. INDEX WORDS:
URL http://www.amazon.com/Sociology-Law-Introduction-Roger-Cotterrell/dp/0406517703 |
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39. | Bedi, Shiv RS : The development of human rights law by the judges of the International Court of Justice, 2007 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series The development of human rights law by the judges of the International Court of Justice / Bedi, Shiv RS - (Studies in international law ; vol. 10), xiii, 488 p.. - Oxford : Hart Publishing, 2007. ISBN 1-84113-576-3 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: Contents:. I. Perspective: Legislative role of the judge and human rights law. II. The development of human rights law by the International Court of Justice: contentious cases. III. The development of human rights law by the International Court of Justice: advisory cases. INDEX WORDS:
URL http://www.hartpub.co.uk/books/details.asp?isbn=9781841135762 |
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40. | Bohlander, Michael (ed.) : International criminal justice, 2007 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph International criminal justice : a critical analysis of institutions and procedures / Bohlander, Michael (ed.), 505 p.. - London : Cameron May Ltd., 2007. ISBN 1905017448 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: Table of contents:. Equality of arms - guiding light or empty shell? Gathering evidence in international criminal trials - the view of the defence lawyer. The completion strategy of the ICTY and the ICTR. The institutional law of international tribunals: Salient comparative and hierarchical aspects. The international criminal judiciary - problems of judicial selection, independence and ethics. The role of a defence office - some lessons from recent and not so recent war crimes precedents. The structure of international criminal procedure: 'Adversarial', 'inquisitorial' or mixed? INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): Statute of the ICC, The ICTY statute, ICTR statute |
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41. | Report on European judicial systems, 2006 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Report on European judicial systems : an overview /. - edition 2006 (2004 data)., 23 p.. - Strasbourg : European Commission for the efficiency of justice (CEPEJ), 2006. LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
LIBRARY LOCATION: IMR SHELF CODE: CoE
URL http://www.coe.int/t/dg1/legalcooperation/cepej/evaluation/2006/CEPEJ_2006_eng.pdf (full text) |
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42. | Tapanila, Antti : Tuomarin esteellisyys, 2007 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph series Tuomarin esteellisyys / Tapanila, Antti - (Suomalaisen lakimiesyhdistyksen julkaisuja/A-sarja ; n:o 282), xxii, 419 p.. - Helsinki : Suomalainen lakimiesyhdistys, 2007. ISBN 978-951-855-272-0 LANGUAGE: FIN INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Finland NOTE (THESIS): Dissertation, Lapin yliopiston oikeustieteiden tiedekunta
URL http://www.bookplus.fi/product.php?isbn=9789518552720&CustID=8c037f49e40a0a08d13165b90133b4ea |
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43. | Zahar, Alexander : International criminal law, 2008 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph International criminal law : a critical introduction / Zahar, Alexander ; Sluiter, Göran, xlviii, 530 p.. - Oxford : Oxford U.P., 2008. ISBN 978-0-40-695904-1 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: * Draws from a rich and varied range of sources, many of which are analysed here for the first time * Offers a new and unprecedented critical perspective, equipping students with the tools they need to rapidly engage with the subject * Written with the insight and authority of practitioners involved with international criminal justice over many years International Criminal Law is an essential guide to the relatively recent, but rapidly growing field of international criminal justice. Written by leading practitioner-academics directly involved with the International Criminal Tribunals, this book provides students with an invaluable insight into the key features of international criminal law and practice. Zahar and Sluiter offer an analysis of the tribunals' place in the international legal order and the most important aspects of their substantive law and procedure from an entirely new and critical perspective. Legal doctrines are discussed throughout in relation to their application in real-life situations, encouraging students to engage critically with the subject and relate theory to practice. An ideal companion for students of international criminal law and justice who are seeking an insider's perspective on the subject, this book also offers practitioners, academics and policy-makers a clear and challenging account of the new legal landscape. INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): The statute of the ICC; CAT; CRC; Genocide convention; Dayton peace agreement; Geneva conventions; Additional protocols to the Geneva conventions; Hague conventions; ICJ statute; ICTR statute; ICTY statute; UN charter; |
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44. | Terris, Daniel : The international judge, 2007 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph The international judge : an introduction to the men and women who decide the world's cases / Terris, Daniel ; Romano, Cesare P. R. ; Swigart, Leigh - ( International courts and tribunals series), xxii, 315 p.. - Oxford : Oxford U. P., 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-923873-6 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: Contents:. Introduction: 1. International Courts: An Overview. 2. Becoming a Judge. 3. Inside the Courts. 4. International Judges and International Law. 5. Between Law and Politics. 6. Tests of Character. Conclusion Appendix 1: Chart: The International Judiciary in Context Appendix 2: Judges Interviewed Bibliography Index INDEX WORDS:
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45. | Garde, Peter : Menneskerettigheder i en dansk kriminaldommers dagligdag, 2004 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Menneskerettigheder i en dansk kriminaldommers dagligdag / Garde, Peter REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): EU-ret & menneskeret : årg. 11; no. 2-3., p. 99-113. - Copenhagen : Jurist- og Okonomforbudets forlag, 2004. - ISSN 1395-220X LANGUAGE: DAN INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Denmark NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR LIBRARY LOCATION: EU-rätt |
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46. | Zyberi, Gentian : The humanitarian face of the International Court of Justice, 2008 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph The humanitarian face of the International Court of Justice : its contribution to interpreting and developing international human rights and humanitarian law rules and principles / Zyberi, Gentian - (School of human rights research series ; 26), xxiii, 523 p.. - Antwerpen : Intersentia, 2008. ISBN 978-90-5095-792-2 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2 : The International Court of Justice: Possibilities and Limitations in the Fields of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law:. PART I BACKGROUND: 2.1 The International Court of Justice in Brief 2.2 The International Court of Justice in the Framework of International Dispute Settlement Mechanisms. PART II ICJ’S POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS: 2.3 Applicable Sources of Law and Some Aspects of ICJ’s Practice 2.4 ICJ’s Approach in Interpreting International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Instruments 2.5 The Court’s Position within the United Nations 2.5.1 The General Relationship between the Court and the Political Organs of the United Nations A) The Court and the General Assembly B) The Court and the Security Council 2.6 Locus Standi 2.7 Actio Popularis before the World Court? 2.8 The Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice 2.9 Preliminary Objections 2.10 Provisional Measures 2.11 Advisory Opinions. PART III APPRAISAL OF THE COURT’S POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS IN THE FIELDS OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW: Chapter 3: ICJ’s Contribution to the Interpretation and Development of International Human Rights Law Rules and Principles. PART I BACKGROUND: 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Development of International Human Rights Law 3.3 International Protection and Promotion of Human Rights A) Standard-Setting B) Enforcement 3.4 The World Court and International Human Rights Law. PART II CASE LAW ANALYSIS: 3.5 Internationalization of Protection of Individual Human Rights 3.5.1 Interpretation of Peace Treaties with Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania Advisory Opinion of 30 March 1950 (First Phase); Advisory Opinion of 18 July 1950 (Second Phase) A) Background B) Human Rights Issues at the Court’s Doorstep C) Concluding Remarks 3.6 Fundamental Principles of International Human Rights Law A) Background B) Elementary Considerations of Humanity C) Erga Omnes Obligations D) Concluding Remarks. 3.7 The Right of Peoples to Self-Determination 3.7.1 The South-West Africa Cases 2. Voting Procedure on Questions Relating to Reports and Petitions Concerning the Territory of South-West Africa (Advisory Opinion of 7 June 1955) 3. Admissibility of Hearings of Petitioners by the Committee on South-West Africa (Advisory Opinion of 1 June 1956) 4. South-West Africa Cases (Ethiopia v. South Africa; Liberia v. South Africa) (Preliminary Objections, Judgment of 21 December 1962) 5. South-West Africa Cases (Ethiopia v. South Africa Liberia v. South Africa) (Second Phase, Judgment of 18 July 1966) 6. Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South-West Africa) notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970) (Advisory Opinion of 21 June 1971) 7. Concluding Remarks 3.8 Prohibition of Genocide 3.9 Right to Asylum 3.10 Diplomatic Protection 3.11 Consular Relations Disputes PART III APPRAISAL OF THE COURT’S CONTRIBUTION TO INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW: Chapter 4: ICJ’s Contribution to the Interpretation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Rules and Principles PART I BACKGROUND 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Applicability of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols to International and Internal Armed Conflicts 4.3 Customary International Humanitarian Law 4.4 New Developments in International Humanitarian Law 4.5 Relationship Between International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law 4.6 Military Intervention for Humanitarian Purposes. PART II CASE LAW ANALYSIS: 4.7 Corfu Channel case (United Kingdom v. Albania, Judgment of 9 April 1949, Merits) A) Elementary Considerations of Humanity B) Concluding Remarks 4.8 Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States, Judgment of 27 June 1986, Merits) 283 A) Applicability of the Geneva Conventions B) Fundamental Principles of Customary International Humanitarian Law C) The Principle of Humanitarian Assistance D) State Responsibility for the Actions of Thirds E) Encouragement of Acts Contrary to General Principles of International Humanitarian Law F) Concluding Remarks 4.9 Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory Opinion of 8 July 1996) A) Applicability of International Humanitarian Law to the Use of Nuclear Weapons B) Fundamental Principles of International Humanitarian Law 295 C) Restrictions Imposed by IHL Provisions on the Protection of the Environment D) Restrictions Imposed by the Principle of Distinction between Combatants and Non-Combatants E) Restrictions Imposed by the Neutrality Principle F) Restrictions Imposed by the General Principle of Humanity (Martens Clause) G) Concluding Remarks 4.10 Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Advisory Opinion of 9 July 2004) 308 A) Applicability of the Hague Regulations of 1907 and of GC IV of 1949 to the OPT B) Applicable Provisions of GC IV C) Balancing Issues of Military Necessity, National Security and Public Order and Respect for Human Rights Obligations D) Legal Consequences of the Construction of the Wall for Israel, other States, and the UN E) Concluding Remarks 4.11 Armed Activities in the Territory of the Congo Cases 4.11.1 Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo v. Uganda, 23 June 1999-19 December 2005) A) Order on Provisional Measures B) Merits (1) The Issue of Belligerent Occupation (2) Violations of International Humanitarian Law (a) Loss of Life to the Civilian Population, Acts of Torture and other Forms of Inhumane Treatment, and Destroyed Villages and Dwellings of Civilians (b) Deliberate Policy of Terror against the Civilian Population (c) Uganda’s Responsibility for Acts or Omissions of Its Armed Forces (d) Illiegal Exploitation of Natural Resources (e) Concluding Remarks. PART III APPRAISAL OF THE COURT’S CONTRIBUTION TO INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW: Chapter 5: The ICJ, other International Courts and Tribunals, and Quasi-Judicial Bodies: Understanding the Pieces of a Puzzle PART I BACKGROUND 5.1 General Introduction. PART II RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ICJ AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS (ICTS): 5.2 A Brief Synopsis of International Courts and Tribunals in the Fields of International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law 5.3 Introduction to the Relationship between the ICJ and other International Courts and Tribunals (ICTs) 5.4 ICJ and the ad hoc Tribunals (ICTY/ICTR) 5.5 The ICJ and the ICC 5.5.1 The ICC in Brief 5.5.2 Relationship Between the ICC and the ICJ 5.5.3 The Thomas Lubanga Dyilo case and the ICC’s Reliance on a Previous Decision of the ICJ 5.5.4 Concluding Remarks 5.6 The ICJ and the ECtHR 5.7 The ICJ and the I-ACtHR 5.8 General Remarks. PART III RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ICJ AND THE INTERNATIONAL QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES (IQJBS): 5.9 The ICJ and the International Quasi-Judicial Bodies (IQJB). PART IV RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ICJ AND INTERNATIONAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS, AS WELL AS QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES IN THE FIELDS OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW: 5.10 Appraisal and Recommendations A) The Complementarity of ICTs and the Domestic Judicial System B) Complementarity of ICTs and IQJBs within the International System of Human Rights Protection C) Concluding Remarks Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations. 6.1 Decades of Involvement and Evolvement of the International Court of Justice 6.2 Some Final Remarks. Samenvatting (Summary in Dutch). INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): Geneva conventions: Additional protocols to the Geneva conventions; Genocide convention; ECHR; UN charter; Vienna convention on the law of treaties;
URL http://www.intersentia.be/searchDetail.aspx?back=reeks&reeksCode=&bookid=100609&language=en |
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47. | Brugger, Winfried : Vom Rehnquist Court zum Roberts und Alito Court. Ein konservativer Wendepunkt im U.S. Supreme Court?, 2006 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Vom Rehnquist Court zum Roberts und Alito Court. Ein konservativer Wendepunkt im U.S. Supreme Court? = English summary / Brugger, Winfried REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht [=ZaöRV] : 66/2., p. 415-434. - Heidelberg : Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, 2006. - ISSN 0044-2348 LANGUAGE: GER INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: USA |
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48. | Leczykiewicz, Dorota : Why do the European Court of Justice judges need legal concepts?, 2008 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: part of a serial Why do the European Court of Justice judges need legal concepts? / Leczykiewicz, Dorota REFERENCE TO GENERIC UNIT (Periodica): European law journal : review of European law in context : special issue : the 6th wish - the evolution of the European courts: institutional change and continuity : vol. 14; issue 6 - in full text in EBSCO Nov. 2009., p. 773-786. - Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. - ISSN 1351-5993 LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
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49. | Sadurski, Wojciech : Rights before courts, 2008 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Rights before courts : a study of constitutional courts inpostcommunist states of Central and Eastern Europe / Sadurski, Wojciech, xx, 376 p.. - Dordrecht : Springer, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4020-6982-6 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. Part I:- 1. The Model Of Constitutional Review In Central And Eastern Europe: An Overview.- 1. The Emergence of the Current Model. 2. The Powers of Constitutional Courts and Initiators of the Review Process. 3. The Tenure and Selection of Judges. 4. Constitutional Courts’ Pursuit of a Monopoly over Constitutional Adjudication. 2. Constitutional Courts In Search Of Legitimacy.- 1. The Legitimacy Dilemma. 2. Constitutional Courts Between the Judicial and Legislative Branch. 3. Why the "Continental" Model of Review: Reasons or Rationalisations? 4. Constitutional Courts as Protectors of Minorities? 5. Conclusions. 3. The Model Of Judicial Review And Its Implications.- 1. Abstract Review. 2. Ex-Post Review. 3. Final Review. 4. Conclusions. 4. Constitutional Courts and Legislation.- 1. The Impact of Constitutional Courts on Law-Making. 2. Determinants of the "Strength" of Judicial Review. 3. Constitutional Court and the Parliamentary Minority.4. The Question of Judicial Activism and Restraint. 5. Conclusions. Part II: 5. Judicial Review and Protection Of Constitutional Rights.- 1. Two Theories about Judicial Review. 2. The Fact-Sensitivity of a Theory of Judicial Review. 3. Rights Protection and Disagreement about Rights. 4. Prudence and Judicial Review. 5. Conclusions. 6. Personal, Civil And Political Rights And Liberties.- 1. A Right to Life and Dignity. 2. Freedom of Religion. 3. The Right to Privacy. 4. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Choice of Residence. 5. Citizenship and Voting Rights. 6. Freedom of Petition, Assembly and Association. 7. Freedom of Expression. 8. Conclusions. 7. Socio-Economic Rights.- 1. Controversy Around Socio-Economic Rights. 2. Constitutional Catalogues of Socio-Economic Rights. 3. The Status of Socio-Economic Rights. 4. The Drawing of Distinctions Between Different Types of Rights by the Courts: Social Security Cases. 5. The Right to Work. 6. Rights to Health and Education. 7. Conclusions. 8. Equality And Minority Rights.- 1. Equality and Constitutional Review. 2. Gender and Sexual Orientation Equality. 3. Special Case of Affirmative Action. 4. Minority Issues in Central and Eastern Europe: An Overview. 5. Constitutional Design of Minority Rights: Group or Individual Rights? 6. Linguistic Rights. 7. The Special Case of Minority Representation in Public Authorities. 8. Conclusions. 9. "Decommunisation", "Lustration", And Constitutional Continuity.- 1. Main Dilemmas Raised by Decommunisation and Lustration Laws. 2. Lustration and Decommunisation in Central and Eastern Europe. 3. Retroactive Extensions of Statutes of Limitation. 4. Conclusions: Transitional Justice and Constitutional Continuity. 10. Restrictions Of Rights.- 1. Constitutional Design of Limits on Rights. 2. Constitutional Review of Statutory Limits on Rights: Proportionality Scrutiny. 3. Other Standards of Rights Restrictions. 4. Concluding Remarks on Rights limitations. Conclusions INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Albania / Bosnia-Herzegovina / Bulgaria / Canada / Croatia / Czech Republic / Estonia / France / Georgia / Germany / Guatemala / Hungary / India / Japan / Ireland / Italy / Lithuania / Macedonia / Moldova / Netherlands / Poland / Portugal / Romania / Russian Federation / Slovakia / Slovenia / South Africa / Sweden / Switzerland / Turkey / Ukraine / United Kingdom / USA / Yugoslavia NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR; EU charter of fundamental rights;
URL http://www.springer.com/humanities/book/978-1-4020-6982-6 |
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50. | Canivet, Guy (ed.) : Independence, accountability and the judiciary, 2006 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Independence, accountability and the judiciary / Canivet, Guy (ed.) ; Andenas, Mads ; Fairgrieve, Duncan, xiii, 492 p.. - London : British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 2006. ISBN 978-0-903067-64-5 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: PART I: INDEPENDENCE, ACCOUNTABILITY AND CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS:. 1. Judicial independence and accountability : national traditions and standards / Mads Andenas, and Duncan Fairgrieve. PART II: INDEPENDENCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN NATIONAL SYSTEMS:. 2. The responsibility of judges in France / Guy Cavinet. 3. Developing mechanisms for judicial accountability in the UK / Andrew Le Sueur. 4. The independence of the judiciary : a question of identity! / Sophie Boyron. 5. A supreme court for the United Kingdom : views from the northern kingdom / Chris Himsworth and Alan Paterson. 6. Judicial independence and accountability within the United Kingdom's new constitutional settlement / Diana Woodhouse. 7. Modernizing the constitution : completing the unfinished business / K.E. Malleson. 8.Judges and politics : an essay from Canada / Allan C. Hutchinson. 9. Judicial authority in a changing South Africa / Hugh Corder. 10. Judicial accountability in Spain : an outline / Luis Maria Diez-Picazo. 11. The accountability and independence of judges : German perspectives / Martina Künnecke. PART III:COMPARING INDEPENDENCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY:. 12. Quelques remarques d'ordre comparatif sur la notion d'accountability appliquee a? la justice / Horatia Muir Watt. 13. Une justice 'comptable' de ses decisions? / Antoine Garapon. 14. Reflections on continental European supreme courts / John Bell. PART IV: EXTERNAL CONTROLS:. 15. External institutional control over judges / Lord Mance. 16. Le controle exerce? par la Cour des Comptes / Jean-Pierre Gastinel. 17. Le controle externe institutionnalise? : de la responsabilite? des magistrats et du service public de la justice / Roger Errera. PART V: INTERNAL COURTS:. 18. L'independance du judiciare : le controle interne / Andree Lajoie. 19. Le controle fonctionnel de gestion (1) / Philippe Lemaire. 20. Le controle fonctionnel de gestion (2) / Christian Raysseguier. PART VI: LIABILITY AND IMMUNITY:. 21. Accountability versus independence : the impact of judicial immunity / Abimbola A. Olowofoyeku. 22. State liability for judicial wrongs and Community law : the case of Gerhard Kobler v Austria / Marten Breuer. PART VII: INFORMAL CONTROL:. 23. Le controle informel : l'institution judiciaire, les juges et la socie?te? (1) / Robert Reed. 24. Le controle informel : l'institution judiciaire, les juges et la socie?te? (2) / Carlo Guarnieri. PART VIII: EUROPEAN HUAMN RIGHTS AND THE POSITION OF THE COURTS:. 25. Accountability of the judiciary on the national level for violations of the European Convention on Human Rights / Tom Barkhuysen and Michiel L. van Emmerik. 26. Rendre compte de la qualite de la justice / Jean-Paul Costa. PART IX: INDEPENDENCE, DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSITION:. 27. Global lessons and best practices : corruption and judicial independence / Keith E. Henderson. INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR; |
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51. | Burgis, Michelle L. : Boundaries of discourse in the International Court of Justice, 2009 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Boundaries of discourse in the International Court of Justice : mapping arguments in Arab territorial disputes / Burgis, Michelle L., xxvi, 307 p.. - Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff publ., 2009. ISBN 978-90-04-17463-4 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. Part I: Theoretical and historical background:. 1. Listening for silence in and beyond the courtroom: methodological tools for understanding ICJ territorial disputes. 2. Between faith and place: Arab-islamic approaches to authority over territory intheory and practice. Part II: Contentious cases:. 3. Sanctioning colonial legacies in the Sahara? The construction of postcolonial selfhood in the Libya/Chad. 4. (De)Limiting the past for future gain: the relationship between statehood, colonialism and oil in the Qatar v. Bahrain. Part III: Advisory opinions:. 5. Determining the limits of law in the Western Sahara case. 6. Discourses of division? Law, politics and the ICJ advisory opinion on the legal consequences INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): ICCPR; Vienna convention on the law of treaties; |
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52. | Huls, Nick (ed.) : The legitimacy of highest courts' rulings, 2009 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph The legitimacy of highest courts' rulings : judicial deliberations and beyond / Huls, Nick (ed.) ; Adams, Maurice ; Bomhoff, Jacco, xxi, 478 p.. - Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009. ISBN 978-90-6704-289-5 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: PART I : The comparative enterprise. PART II: The subtleties of the French, Belgian and Dutch cassation courts. PART III: Challenges to the legitimacy of courts. PART IV: The ECtHR and its peculiar 'problematic'. INDEX WORDS:
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53. | Horn, Nico (ed.) : The independence of the judiciary in Namibia, 2008 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph The independence of the judiciary in Namibia / Horn, Nico (ed.) ; Bösl, Anton, 325 p.. - Windhoek, Namibia : Macmillan Education Namibia, 2008. ISBN 978-99916-0-807-5 LANGUAGE: ENG INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Namibia |
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54. | Tamanaha, Brian Z. : Beyond the formalist - realist divide , 2010 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Beyond the formalist - realist divide : the role of politics in judging / Tamanaha, Brian Z., x, 252 p.. - Princeton, N.J. : Princeton U. P., 2010. ISBN 978-0-691-14280-7 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: CHAPTER 1: Introduction. PART ONE: THE LEGAL FORMALISTS:. CHAPTER 2: The Myth about Beliefs in the Common Law. CHAPTER 3: The Myth about "Mechanical Jurisprudence". CHAPTER 4: The Holes in the Story about Legal Formalism. PART TWO: The Legal Realists:. CHAPTER 5: Realism before the Legal Realists. CHAPTER 6: A Reconstruction of Legal Realism. PART THREE: STUDIES OF JUDGING:. CHAPTER 7: The Slant in the "Judicial Politics" Field. CHAPTER 8: What Quantitative Studies of Judging Have Found. PART FOUR: LEGAL THEORY:. CHAPTER 9: The Emptiness of "Formalism" in Legal Theory. CHAPTER 10: Beyond the Formalist-Realist Divide. INDEX WORDS:
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55. | Birkinshaw, Patrick (ed.) : The European Union legal order after Lisbon, 2010 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph The European Union legal order after Lisbon / Birkinshaw, Patrick (ed.) ; Varney, Mike - (European monograpfs), xxv, 366 p.. - Alphen aan den Rijn : Wolters Kluwer, 2010. ISBN 978-90-411-3152-2 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: Introduction by P. Birkinshaw and M. Varney. PART ONE: The Future of the European Union Legal and Political Order:. 1. The Future of European Public Law; J. Schwarze. 2. The Future of the European Order; J.E Fossum. 3. The EU and Global Administrative Law; 4. J.-B. Auby. Governance and Constitutionalism in the European Order; A. Menendez. PART TWO:The Future of Regulation:. 5. Legal Control of Regulatory Bodies: Principle, Policy and Teleology; P. Craig. 6. EU Financial Regulation: From Harmonisation to the Birth of EU Federal Financial Law; T. Tridimas. 7. The State, Competition and Public Service; C. Bovis. 8. Regulating Media Markets: The Need for Subsidiarity and Clarity of Principle; M. Feintuck, M. Varney. PART Three: Citizenship and Human Rights:. 9. EU Law’s Fundamental Rights Regime and Post-national Constitutionalism: Kadi’s Global Setting; G. Anthony. 10. Citizenship and European Democracy: Between the European Constitution and the Treaty of Lisbon; M. La Torre. 11. The European Asylum Policy: Between Myth and Reality; D.U. Galetta. 12. Transparency and Access to Documents; P. Birkinshaw. PART Four: Constitutional and Legal Principles in an Uncertain Order:. 13. Multilevel Governance and Executive Federalism: Comparing Germany and the European Union; J. Ziller. 14. The Role of European Judges in an Era of Uncertainty; J. Bell. 15. The Esoteric Dimension of Constitutional Pluralism: EU’s Internal Constitutional Sub-units and the Non-symbolic Cumulative Constitution; C. Kombos. INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR; TEU; EU charter of fundamental rights; ToA; LIBRARY LOCATION: Domvillan SHELF CODE: Europarätt |
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56. | Pikis, Georghios M. : The Rome statute for the International Criminal Court, 2010 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph The Rome statute for the International Criminal Court : analysis of the statute, the rules of procedure and evidence, the regulations of the Court and Supplementary instruments / Pikis, Georghios M., xxiv, 344 p.. - Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff publ., 2010. ISBN 978-90-04-18613-2 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: Chapter I. Introduction:. I. The establishment of the International Criminal Court; II. The Preamble to the Rome Statute; III. The Rules of Procedure and Evidence; IV. Evidence; V. Regulations of the Court. Chapter II. Status, Complexion and Inherent Powers of The International Criminal Court. Chapter III. Composition of The Court:. I. Introduction; II. Election of judges and their assignment to Divisions; III. The Office of the Prosecutor; IV. The Registry; V. The Presidency; VI. Plenary sessions. Chapter IV. Competence – Jurisdiction – Admissibility:. I. Competence; II. Jurisdiction; III. Admissibility; IV. Crimes amenable to the jurisdiction of the Court. Chapter V:. The Law Applicable under The Rome Statute:. I. Article 21.1; II. Article 21.2; III. Article 21.3. Chapter VI: The Judiciary: Pre-Trial, Trial and Appeals Chambers:. I. Independence and impartiality of Judges; II. The Trial; III. Appeals. Chapter VII. Offences Against the Administration of Justice and Misconduct:. I. Offences against the administration of justice; II. Sanctions for Misconduct before the Court. Chapter VIII. The Office Of The Prosecutor:. I. General; II. Privileges and Immunities of Judges, the Prosecutor, Deputy Prosecutor(s), and Registrar; III. Investigations; IV. Proprio Motu Investigations by the Prosecutor; V. Article 53. Chapter IX. Victims And Witnesses:. I. Protection of Victims and Witnesses; II. Participation of Victims in judicial proceedings; III. The Definition of a Victim. Chapter X. Counsel:. I. Right to legal assistance; II. Qualifications for enrolment in the roster of Defence Counsel; III. Code of Professional Conduct for Counsel; IV. Office of Public Counsel for the Defence. Chapter XI. International Cooperation and Judicial Assistance. Index. INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): Genocide convention; ICC statute; ICTY statute; ICTR statute; Treaty of Vienna; Treaty of Versailles; Vienna convention on the law of treaties; |
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57. | Schuonm Christine : International criminal procedure, 2010 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph International criminal procedure : a clash of legal cultures / Schuonm Christine, xviii, 365 p.. - Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2010. ISBN 978-90-6704-300-7 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: Part I : INTRODUCTION. Part II : NATIONAL PROCEDURAL LAW. Part III : PROCEDURAL LAW OF THE ICTY. Part IV : PROCEDURAL LAW OF THE ICC. Part V : CONCLUDING REMARKS. Part VI : APPENDICES. INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): ICC statute; ICTY statute; UN charter-chap.VII; ICTR statute; |
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58. | Adams, Maurice ... [et al.] : Judging Europe's judges, 2013 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Judging Europe's judges : the legitimacy of the case law of the European Court of Justice / Adams, Maurice ... [et al.], x, 261 p.. - Oxford : Hart publ., 2013. ISBN 978-1-84946-335-5 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: Introduction: Judging Europe’s Judges, by Maurice Adams, Henri de Waele, Johan Meeusen and Gert Straetmans. 1. The Court’s Outer and Inner Selves: Exploring the External and Internal Legitimacy of the European Court of Justice, by Koen Lenaerts. 2. Adjudication by Reference to General Principles of EU Law: A Second Look at the Mangold Case Law, by Ján Mazák and Martin Moser. 3. The Court’s Case Law on the Internal Market: ‘A Circumloquacious Statement of the Result, Rather than a Reason for Arriving at It’?, by Stephen Weatherill. 4. The Legitimacy of Free Movement Case Law: Process and Substance, by Jukka Snell. 5. The Bubble that Burst: Exploring the Legitimacy of the Case Law on the Free Movement of Union Citizens, by Michael Dougan. 6. Towards ‘Real’ Citizenship? The Judicial Construction of Union Citizenship and its Limits, by Daniel Thym. 7. Placing the European Union in International Context: Legitimacy of the Case Law, by Eileen Denza. 8. Of Feasibility and Silent Elephants: The Legitimacy of the Court of Justice through the Eyes of National Courts, by Michal Bobek. Epilogue: Judging the Judges – Apology and Critique, by JHH Weiler. INDEX WORDS:
NOTE (GENERAL): EU charter of fundamental rights; ECHR; TEU; Convention on the law of the sea; LIBRARY LOCATION: Europarätt
URL http://www.hartpub.co.uk/BookDetails.aspx?ISBN=9781849463355 |
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59. | Rosas, Allan (ed.) : The Court of Justice and the construction of Europe, 2013 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph The Court of Justice and the construction of Europe : analyses and perspectives on sixty years of case-law / Rosas, Allan (ed.) ; Levits, Egils (ed.); Bot, Yves (ed.), xiv, 727 p.. - The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2013. ISBN 978-90-6704-896-5 LANGUAGE: ENG, FRE ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. PART I: The role of the Court of Justice and the judicial architecture of the Union. Ditlev Tamm: The history of the Court of Justice of the European Union since its origin. Gil Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias: L'évolution de l'architecture juridictionnelle de l'Union européenne. Francis G. Jacobs: The Court of Justice in the twenty-first century: challenges ahead for the judicial system?. Nial Fennelly: The national judge as a judge of the European Union. Andreas Vosskuhle: The cooperation between European courts: the Verbund of European courts and its legal toolbox. Jean-Marc Sauvé: Le rôle du comité 255 dans la sélection du juge de l'Union. Christian Pennera: La Cour de justice et le Parlement europeen. Hubert Legal: Les institutions politiques de l'Union et la Cour de justice: le point de vue du Conseil. Luis Romero Requena: La Commission devant la Cour de justice: l'exemple de la procédure préjudicielle. Sir Nicolas Bratza: The European Convention on Human Rights and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union: a process of mutual enrichment. Carl Baudenbacher: The EFTA Court and Court of Justice of the European Union: coming in parts but winning together. PART II: The constitutional order. Elena Simina Tanasescu: Rôle des droits fondamentaux dans la constitutionnalisation de l'ordre juridique de l'UE. Miroslaw Wyrzykowski: When sovereingty means so much: the concept(s) of sovereignty, European Union membership and the interpretation of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Jürgen Schwarze: Balancing EU integration and national interests in the case-law of the Court of Justice. José Luís da Cruz Vilaca: Le principe de l'effet utile du droit the l'Union dans la jurisprudence de la Cour. Giuseppe Tesauro: Reasonableness in the European Court of Justice case-law. Mireille Delmas-Marty: Principes d'attribution, de subsidiarité et d'identité nationale des Etats membres. Radoslav Procházka: To decide or not to decide: on the political theology of Simmenthal, Lyckeskog et al. Takis Tridimas: Bifurcated justice: the dual character of judicial protection in EU law. Ingolf Pernice: The right to effective judicial protection and remedies in the EU. Nicolas Petit: The future of the Court of Justice in EU competition law. PART III: The area of citizens. Christian Calliess: The dynamics of European citizenship: from bourgeois to citoyen. Christa Tobler: The prohibition of discrimination in the Union's layered system of equality law: from early staff cases to the Mangold approach. Ineta Ziemele: Nationality and third-country nationals. Miguel Poiares Maduro: Revisiting the free movement of goods in a comparative perspective. Catherine Barnard: Citizenship of the Union and the area of justice: (almost) the Court's moment of glory. Steve Peers: The European Arrest Warrant: the dilemmas of mutual recognition, human rights and EU citizenship. Anne Weyembergh: La jurisprudence de la CJ relative au principe ne bis in idem: une contribution essentielle à la reconnaissance mutuelle en matière pénale. Vassili Christianos: La diversité de la culture juridique européenne et la prise de décision au sein de la Cour de justice de l'Union européenne. Juha Raitio: Direct taxation and the free movement of persons. PART IV: The Union in the world. Pieter Jan Kuijper: 'It shall contribute to ... the strict observance and development of international law ...'. The role of the Court of Justice. Piet Eeckhout: Exclusive external competences: constructing the EU as an international actor. Jacqueline Dutheil de la Rochère: L'effet direct des accords internationaux. Christiaan W. A. Timmermans: The Court of Justice and mixed agreements. Stefan Griller: The Court of Jusitce and the Common Foreign and Security Policy. Marc Maresceua: The Court of Justice and bilateral agreements. George A. Bermann: Une vue outre-atlantique de la Cour et de sa jurisprudence. INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Poland NOTE (GENERAL): ECHR; EU charter of fundamental rights; TFEU; EEA agreement LIBRARY LOCATION: Europarätt |
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60. | Scheinin, Martin (ed.) : Judges as guardians of constitutionalism and human rights, 2016 |
BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL: monograph Judges as guardians of constitutionalism and human rights / Scheinin, Martin (ed.) ; Krunke, Helle (ed.) ; Aksenova, Marina (ed.), 386 p. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016. ISBN 978-1-78536-585-0 LANGUAGE: ENG ABSTRACT: CONTENTS:. 1. Helle Krunke and Martin Scheinin: Introduction. PART I: JUDGES AS GUARDIANS OF THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE INDIVIDUAL. 2. Aharon Barak: On judging. 3. Or Bassok: The changing understanding of judicial legitimacy. 4. Helle Krunke: Courts as protectors of the people: constitutional identity, popular legitimacy and human rights. PART II: JUDGES AND JUDGING IN TIMES OF TERRORISM AND SURVEILLANCE. 5. David Hope: Judges as guardians of constitutionalism and human rights: the judiciary and counter-terrorism in the United Kingdom. 6. Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem: The judiciary and the surveillance state: general trends and German experiences. 7. T.J. McIntyre: Judicial oversight of surveillance: the case of Ireland in comparative perspective. 8. David Jenkins: Procedural fairness and judicial review of counter-terrorism measures. 9. Martin Scheinin: The judiciary in times of terrorism and surveillance: a global perspective. PART III: THE JUDICIARY IN TIMES OF TRANSITION. 10. Antoni Abat i Ninet: The role of the judiciary in Egypt's failed transition to democracy. 11. Bakhtiyar Tuzmukhamedov: The Russian Constitutional Court in international legal dialogues. 12. Ebrahim Afsah: Guides and guardians: judiciaries in times of transition. PART IV: JUDGES AS GUARDIANS BEYOND THE NATION STATE: REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES. 13. Anita Usacka: Constitutionalism and human rights at the International Criminal Court. 14. Carlos Ayala: The judicial dialogue between international and national courts in the Inter-American human rights system. 15. David Thór Björgvinsson: The role of judges of the European Court of Human Rights as guardians of fundamental rights of the individual. 16. Marina Aksenova and Geir Ulfstein: The task of regional and international courts in guarding constitutionalism and human rights. INDEX WORDS:
GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS: Egypt / Germany / Ireland / Russia / United Kingdom |